ai

backend/src/objects/character-physical.ts

@@ -126,6 +126,9 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
   }
 
   private initMovementBridge() {
+    // The movementState object-literal getters/setters below can't use `this`
+    // (it would bind to the literal), so alias the character instance.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
     const self = this;
     this.movementState = {
       head: this.head,

backend/src/players/npc.ts

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ export class NPC extends PlayerBase {
 
     const charge =
       distance > npcTuning.chargeRangeThreshold &&
-        Random.getRandom() <
+      Random.getRandom() <
         npcTuning.chargeBaseChance + npcTuning.chargeAggressionChance * this.aggression
         ? Random.getRandomInRange(npcTuning.chargeMin, 1)
         : 0;

backend/src/players/player-base.ts

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export abstract class PlayerBase extends CommandReceiver {
   protected findEmptyPositionForPlayer(preferredCenter: vec2): vec2 {
     let rotation = 0;
     let radius = 0;
-    for (; ;) {
+    for (;;) {
       const playerPosition = vec2.fromValues(
         radius * Math.cos(rotation) + preferredCenter.x,
         radius * Math.sin(rotation) + preferredCenter.y,

frontend/src/main.scss

@@ -332,6 +332,26 @@ body {
         &::after {
           content: '\25C9';
         }
+
+        // Twin-stick aim indicator: drawn from the button centre toward the
+        // current drag direction while aiming a shot (see TouchListener).
+        .aim-line {
+          position: absolute;
+          left: 50%;
+          top: 50%;
+          width: 130px;
+          height: 3px;
+          border-radius: 2px;
+          transform-origin: left center;
+          transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(0rad);
+          background: linear-gradient(90deg,
+              rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85),
+              rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));
+          box-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+          opacity: 0;
+          pointer-events: none;
+          transition: opacity 80ms;
+        }
       }
 
       &.leap {
@@ -717,6 +737,34 @@ body {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  // Centred "Eliminated" overlay shown while the local player is dead; the
+  // respawn countdown is the server-driven "Reviving in N…" announcement.
+  .elimination {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 42%;
+    left: 50%;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
+    text-align: center;
+    animation: elimination-in 220ms ease-out;
+
+    .elimination-title {
+      font-weight: 800;
+      font-size: 3.4rem;
+      letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+      color: $accent;
+      text-shadow:
+        0 0 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9),
+        0 0 28px rgba($accent, 0.6);
+    }
+
+    .elimination-sub {
+      margin-top: 6px;
+      font-size: 1.3rem;
+      opacity: 0.85;
+      text-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 @keyframes contested-pulse {
@@ -877,4 +925,16 @@ body {
   100% {
     opacity: 0;
   }
+}
+
+@keyframes elimination-in {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -42%) scale(0.9);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1);
+  }
 }

frontend/src/scripts/charge-indicator.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { holdDurationToCharge } from 'shared';
 import { Pointer } from './helper/pointer';
 
-
 export abstract class ChargeIndicator {
   private static element?: HTMLElement;
   private static heldSince = 0;
@@ -41,8 +40,9 @@ export abstract class ChargeIndicator {
       (performance.now() - ChargeIndicator.heldSince) / 1000,
     );
     element.style.opacity = charge < 0.12 ? '0' : '1';
-    element.style.background = `conic-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85) ${charge * 360
+    element.style.background = `conic-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85) ${
-      }deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 0deg)`;
+      charge * 360
+    }deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 0deg)`;
     element.classList.toggle('full', charge >= 1);
 
     if (ChargeIndicator.followPointer) {

frontend/src/scripts/commands/touch-listener.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ import { localCharacterPredictor } from '../helper/prediction/local-character-pr
 export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
   private static readonly deadZone = 8;
   private static readonly deltaScaling = 0.4;
+  // Min screen drag (px) from the fire button before a shot is aimed by the
+  // drag direction instead of firing straight ahead.
+  private static readonly aimDeadZone = 18;
 
   private joystick: HTMLElement;
   private joystickButton: HTMLElement;
@@ -24,9 +27,12 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
 
   private fireButton: HTMLElement;
   private fireStrengthRing: HTMLElement;
+  private fireAimLine!: HTMLElement;
   private leapButton: HTMLElement;
 
   private fireDownAt: number | null = null;
+  private fireButtonCenter: vec2 | null = null;
+  private fireAimScreen: vec2 | null = null;
 
   constructor(
     private target: HTMLElement,
@@ -45,8 +51,12 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
     this.fireStrengthRing = document.createElement('div');
     this.fireStrengthRing.className = 'strength-ring';
     this.fireButton.appendChild(this.fireStrengthRing);
+    this.fireAimLine = document.createElement('div');
+    this.fireAimLine.className = 'aim-line';
+    this.fireButton.appendChild(this.fireAimLine);
 
     this.fireButton.addEventListener('touchstart', this.fireButtonDownListener);
+    this.fireButton.addEventListener('touchmove', this.fireButtonMoveListener);
     this.fireButton.addEventListener('touchend', this.fireButtonUpListener);
 
     this.leapButton = document.createElement('div');
@@ -159,12 +169,41 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
     this.swallowTouch(event);
     this.fireDownAt = performance.now();
     const rect = this.fireButton.getBoundingClientRect();
-    ChargeIndicator.begin(rect.left + rect.width / 2, rect.top + rect.height / 2);
+    this.fireButtonCenter = vec2.fromValues(
+      rect.left + rect.width / 2,
+      rect.top + rect.height / 2,
+    );
+    this.fireAimScreen = null;
+    ChargeIndicator.begin(this.fireButtonCenter[0], this.fireButtonCenter[1]);
+  };
+
+  // Dragging from the fire button aims the shot: the drag vector sets the
+  // direction, decoupling aim from movement so a touch player can fire one way
+  // while walking another. A tap with no meaningful drag fires straight ahead.
+  private fireButtonMoveListener = (event: TouchEvent) => {
+    this.swallowTouch(event);
+    if (this.fireDownAt === null || !this.fireButtonCenter) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const touch = event.targetTouches[0] ?? event.changedTouches[0];
+    if (!touch) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.fireAimScreen = vec2.fromValues(touch.clientX, touch.clientY);
+    const dx = this.fireAimScreen[0] - this.fireButtonCenter[0];
+    const dy = this.fireAimScreen[1] - this.fireButtonCenter[1];
+    if (dx * dx + dy * dy > TouchListener.aimDeadZone * TouchListener.aimDeadZone) {
+      this.fireAimLine.style.opacity = '1';
+      this.fireAimLine.style.transform = `translateY(-50%) rotate(${Math.atan2(dy, dx)}rad)`;
+    } else {
+      this.fireAimLine.style.opacity = '0';
+    }
   };
 
   private fireButtonUpListener = (event: TouchEvent) => {
     this.swallowTouch(event);
     ChargeIndicator.end();
+    this.fireAimLine.style.opacity = '0';
     if (this.fireDownAt === null) {
       return;
     }
@@ -174,12 +213,28 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
 
     const character = this.game.gameObjects.player;
     if (!character) {
+      this.fireButtonCenter = null;
+      this.fireAimScreen = null;
       return;
     }
+
+    // Screen drag → world aim direction (flip Y: screen +y is down). Below the
+    // dead-zone it's a tap, so fall back to firing along the facing direction.
+    let direction = character.facingDirection;
+    if (this.fireButtonCenter && this.fireAimScreen) {
+      const dx = this.fireAimScreen[0] - this.fireButtonCenter[0];
+      const dy = this.fireAimScreen[1] - this.fireButtonCenter[1];
+      if (dx * dx + dy * dy > TouchListener.aimDeadZone * TouchListener.aimDeadZone) {
+        direction = vec2.normalize(vec2.create(), vec2.fromValues(dx, -dy));
+      }
+    }
+    this.fireButtonCenter = null;
+    this.fireAimScreen = null;
+
     const aim = vec2.scaleAndAdd(
       vec2.create(),
       character.bodyCenter,
-      character.facingDirection,
+      direction,
       settings.touchAimRange,
     );
     this.sendCommandToSubscribers(new PrimaryActionCommand(aim, charge));
@@ -195,8 +250,9 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
 
     const character = this.game.gameObjects.player;
     if (character) {
-      this.fireStrengthRing.style.background = `conic-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) ${character.strengthFraction * 360
+      this.fireStrengthRing.style.background = `conic-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) ${
-        }deg, transparent 0deg)`;
+        character.strengthFraction * 360
+      }deg, transparent 0deg)`;
     }
   }
 
@@ -207,6 +263,7 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
     this.target.removeEventListener('touchend', this.touchEndListener);
 
     this.fireButton.removeEventListener('touchstart', this.fireButtonDownListener);
+    this.fireButton.removeEventListener('touchmove', this.fireButtonMoveListener);
     this.fireButton.removeEventListener('touchend', this.fireButtonUpListener);
     this.leapButton.removeEventListener('touchstart', this.leapButtonListener);
 

frontend/src/scripts/feedback-hud.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Pointer } from './helper/pointer';
 export abstract class FeedbackHud {
   private static root?: HTMLElement;
   private static killfeed?: HTMLElement;
+  private static elimination?: HTMLElement;
 
   private static ensureRoot(): { root: HTMLElement; killfeed: HTMLElement } {
     if (!this.root || !this.killfeed) {
@@ -75,6 +76,29 @@ export abstract class FeedbackHud {
     }
   }
 
+  // Persistent centred overlay shown while the local player is dead and waiting
+  // to respawn. The countdown itself is the server-driven "Reviving in N…"
+  // announcement; this makes the death state unmistakable and stays up until
+  // hideElimination() is called on respawn.
+  public static showElimination(): void {
+    if (this.elimination) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const { root } = this.ensureRoot();
+    const el = document.createElement('div');
+    el.className = 'elimination';
+    el.innerHTML =
+      '<div class="elimination-title">Eliminated</div>' +
+      '<div class="elimination-sub">Respawning…</div>';
+    root.appendChild(el);
+    this.elimination = el;
+  }
+
+  public static hideElimination(): void {
+    this.elimination?.parentElement?.removeChild(this.elimination);
+    this.elimination = undefined;
+  }
+
   private static streakName(streak: number): string | undefined {
     switch (streak) {
       case 2:

frontend/src/scripts/helper/prediction/local-character-predictor.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@ import { InputHistory } from './input-history';
 const stepMs = 1000 / 200; // match the server's 200 Hz fixed tick
 const stepSeconds = 1 / 200;
 
+// Clock source for the predictor. Injectable so deterministic reconciliation
+// tests can drive prediction without real time passing; defaults to the
+// browser wall clock in production.
+let nowMs: () => number = () => performance.now();
+export const setPredictorClockForTesting = (clock: () => number): void => {
+  nowMs = clock;
+};
+
 // Don't replay more than this far back: if the last acknowledged input is older
 // (a stall, or a backgrounded tab catching up) snap to the authoritative pose
 // instead of grinding through hundreds of steps.
@@ -74,6 +82,12 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
   // Latest streamed shooting-strength, to gate predicted leaps as the server does.
   private currentStrength = settings.playerMaxStrength;
 
+  // Whether the local body is alive on the server. While dead (awaiting respawn)
+  // prediction is suppressed so the corpse/ghost can't keep walking in response
+  // to input — the server ignores a dead player's movement, so a predicted body
+  // that still moved would be a pure client-side desync.
+  private alive = true;
+
   // Continuous state carried between replays (the snapshot carries only poses).
   // The facing direction is NOT carried — it is re-derived from the pose each
   // frame (see directionFromPose / simulate); only the latched planet and the
@@ -100,7 +114,7 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
   // Stamp a movement command and record it for replay. Returns the wall-clock
   // time the command should carry so the server can echo it back.
   public recordInput(direction: vec2): number {
-    const timeMs = Math.round(performance.now());
+    const timeMs = Math.round(nowMs());
     this.inputHistory.record(direction, timeMs);
     return timeMs;
   }
@@ -112,7 +126,10 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
   ): void {
     // Inputs only advance the acknowledgement forward; the launch momentum and
     // leap boundary always adopt the latest authoritative values.
-    if (this.lastAckClientTimeMs === undefined || clientTimeMs > this.lastAckClientTimeMs) {
+    if (
+      this.lastAckClientTimeMs === undefined ||
+      clientTimeMs > this.lastAckClientTimeMs
+    ) {
       this.lastAckClientTimeMs = clientTimeMs;
     }
     vec2.set(this.authoritativeBodyVelocity, bodyVelocity[0], bodyVelocity[1]);
@@ -121,7 +138,7 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
 
   public setAuthoritative(head: Circle, leftFoot: Circle, rightFoot: Circle): void {
     this.authoritative = { head, leftFoot, rightFoot };
-    this.authReceiptMs = Math.round(performance.now());
+    this.authReceiptMs = Math.round(nowMs());
   }
 
   // The player pressed leap; remember when, so the replay applies the same
@@ -129,7 +146,7 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
   // it — a rejected leap (no strength/cooldown) self-corrects via the streamed
   // authoritative momentum.
   public recordLeap(): number {
-    const timeMs = Math.round(performance.now());
+    const timeMs = Math.round(nowMs());
     this.leapHistory.push(timeMs);
     const cutoff = timeMs - 1500;
     while (this.leapHistory.length > 0 && this.leapHistory[0] <= cutoff) {
@@ -142,6 +159,10 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
     this.currentStrength = strength;
   }
 
+  public setAlive(alive: boolean): void {
+    this.alive = alive;
+  }
+
   public reset(): void {
     this.inputHistory.reset();
     this.leapHistory = [];
@@ -154,6 +175,7 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
     this.carriedPlanetId = undefined;
     this.carriedSecondsSinceSurface = 1;
     this.hasRender = false;
+    this.alive = true;
   }
 
   public get canPredict(): boolean {
@@ -175,7 +197,7 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
   // caller should use (otherwise fall back to interpolation). `planets` is the
   // current collision world; `frameSeconds` is the render delta.
   public update(planets: Array<PredictablePlanet>, frameSeconds: number): boolean {
-    if (!this.canPredict || this.isAnimatingInOrOut) {
+    if (!this.alive || !this.canPredict || this.isAnimatingInOrOut) {
       // Resume from the authoritative pose with a snap rather than gliding from
       // a stale rendered one.
       this.hasRender = false;
@@ -209,7 +231,7 @@ export class LocalCharacterPredictor {
 
   private simulate(): CharacterMovementState {
     const auth = this.authoritative!;
-    const now = Math.round(performance.now());
+    const now = Math.round(nowMs());
     // Predict forward from the latest snapshot by its age, clamped so a stall
     // (or a backgrounded tab catching up) snaps instead of grinding hundreds of
     // steps. This advances with wall-clock time even while a held key sends no

frontend/src/scripts/landing-page-background.ts

@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ import {
 import { settings, rgb, PlanetBase, Random } from 'shared';
 import { PlanetShape } from './shapes/planet-shape';
 
-// colorMixQ ends of PlanetShape's blue<->red gradient, so the two backdrop
+// PlanetShape colours by mixing blue (0) -> red (1). The two backdrop planets
-// planets read as the two in-game teams.
+// read as the two in-game teams; the red planet is pulled a little off the
+// pure-red end so it shows as a more muted, less saturated red.
 const bluePlanet = 0;
-const redPlanet = 1;
+const redPlanet = 0.85;
 
 export class LandingPageBackground {
   private isActive = true;

frontend/src/scripts/objects/game-object-container.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
 } from 'shared';
 import { BeforeDestroyCommand } from '../commands/types/before-destroy';
 import { StepCommand } from '../commands/types/step';
+import { FeedbackHud } from '../feedback-hud';
 import { Game } from '../game';
 import { serverTimeline } from '../helper/server-timeline';
 import { PredictablePlanet } from '../helper/prediction/client-character-world';
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ export class GameObjectContainer extends CommandReceiver {
   protected objects: Map<Id, GameObject> = new Map();
   public player!: CharacterView;
   public camera: Camera = new Camera(this.game);
+  private wasLocalPlayerAlive = false;
 
   protected commandExecutors: CommandExecutors = {
     [CreatePlayerCommand.type]: (c: CreatePlayerCommand) => {
@@ -37,6 +39,9 @@ export class GameObjectContainer extends CommandReceiver {
       // Fresh character (first spawn or respawn at a far planet): drop any
       // prediction state so it snaps to the new body instead of gliding across.
       localCharacterPredictor.reset();
+      // Respawned — clear the elimination overlay.
+      FeedbackHud.hideElimination();
+      this.wasLocalPlayerAlive = true;
     },
 
     [CreateObjectsCommand.type]: (c: CreateObjectsCommand) =>
@@ -45,15 +50,32 @@ export class GameObjectContainer extends CommandReceiver {
     [StepCommand.type]: (c: StepCommand) => {
       this.defaultCommandExecutor(c);
 
-      if (this.player) {
+      // The local body is alive only while its object still exists (the server
+      // deletes it on death) and its health is above zero — `player` keeps
+      // pointing at the now-stale view after death, so both checks are needed.
+      const bodyPresent = !!this.player && this.objects.has(this.player.id);
+      const alive = bodyPresent && this.player.health > 0;
+
+      // Show the elimination overlay on the alive→dead edge; CreatePlayerCommand
+      // clears it on respawn.
+      if (this.wasLocalPlayerAlive && !alive) {
+        FeedbackHud.showElimination();
+      }
+      this.wasLocalPlayerAlive = alive;
+
+      if (bodyPresent) {
         // Override the interpolated pose of the local player with the predicted
-        // one so it responds to input immediately. Remote objects keep
+        // one so it responds to input immediately. Suppressed while dead so the
-        // interpolating. A large correction (respawn / death) snaps inside the
+        // corpse can't be walked around (the server ignores a dead player's
-        // predictor rather than rubber-banding.
+        // input — a moving predicted body would be a pure client-side desync).
+        // A large correction (respawn / death) snaps inside the predictor.
+        localCharacterPredictor.setAlive(alive);
         localCharacterPredictor.setStrength(
           this.player.strengthFraction * settings.playerMaxStrength,
         );
-        if (localCharacterPredictor.update(this.predictablePlanets(), c.deltaTimeInSeconds)) {
+        if (
+          localCharacterPredictor.update(this.predictablePlanets(), c.deltaTimeInSeconds)
+        ) {
           this.player.head = localCharacterPredictor.head;
           this.player.leftFoot = localCharacterPredictor.leftFoot;
           this.player.rightFoot = localCharacterPredictor.rightFoot;

frontend/src/scripts/shapes/planet-shape.ts

@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ export class PlanetShape extends PolygonFactory(settings.planetEdgeCount, 0) {
               if (dist < minDistance) {
                 minDistance = dist;
                 color = mix(${colorToString(settings.bluePlanetColor)}, ${colorToString(
-        settings.redPlanetColor,
+                  settings.redPlanetColor,
-      )}, planetColorMixQ[j]);
+                )}, planetColorMixQ[j]);
               }
             }
 
@@ -141,10 +141,7 @@ export class PlanetShape extends PolygonFactory(settings.planetEdgeCount, 0) {
   ) {
     super(vertices);
 
-    this.cullCenter = vertices.reduce(
+    this.cullCenter = vertices.reduce((sum, v) => vec2.add(sum, sum, v), vec2.create());
-      (sum, v) => vec2.add(sum, sum, v),
-      vec2.create(),
-    );
     vec2.scale(this.cullCenter, this.cullCenter, 1 / vertices.length);
 
     this.cullRadius = vertices.reduce(

shared/src/objects/game-object.ts

@@ -15,10 +15,24 @@ export class RemoteCall {
   }
 }
 
+// Every object property streamed via UpdatePropertyCommand. A single union means
+// a typo or rename on the producing (server *-physical) or consuming (client
+// *-view) side is a compile error instead of a silently dropped update that
+// just stops a body interpolating. The wire format is unchanged — these remain
+// the same strings, only now compiler-checked at both ends.
+export type SyncPropertyKey =
+  | 'head'
+  | 'leftFoot'
+  | 'rightFoot'
+  | 'strength'
+  | 'center'
+  | 'ownership'
+  | 'rotation';
+
 @serializable
 export class UpdatePropertyCommand extends Command {
   constructor(
-    public readonly propertyKey: string,
+    public readonly propertyKey: SyncPropertyKey,
     public readonly propertyValue: any,
     public readonly rateOfChange: any,
   ) {

shared/src/objects/types/character-base.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Id } from '../../communication/id';
 import { Circle } from '../../helper/circle';
 import { serializable } from '../../serialization/serializable';
+import { toArrayFromFields } from '../../serialization/serialized-fields';
 import { GameObject } from '../game-object';
 
 export enum CharacterTeam {
@@ -11,6 +12,18 @@ export enum CharacterTeam {
 
 @serializable
 export class CharacterBase extends GameObject {
+  private static readonly serializedFields = [
+    'id',
+    'name',
+    'killCount',
+    'deathCount',
+    'team',
+    'health',
+    'head',
+    'leftFoot',
+    'rightFoot',
+  ] as const;
+
   constructor(
     id: Id,
     public name: string,
@@ -26,37 +39,27 @@ export class CharacterBase extends GameObject {
   }
 
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
-  public onShoot(strength: number) { }
+  public onShoot(strength: number) {}
 
-  public onLeap() { }
+  public onLeap() {}
 
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
-  public onHitConfirmed(charge?: number) { }
+  public onHitConfirmed(charge?: number) {}
 
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
-  public onKillConfirmed(victimName?: string, streak?: number, charge?: number) { }
+  public onKillConfirmed(victimName?: string, streak?: number, charge?: number) {}
 
   public setHealth(health: number) {
     this.health = health;
   }
 
-  public onDie() { }
+  public onDie() {}
 
   public setKillCount(killCount: number) {
     this.killCount = killCount;
   }
 
   public toArray(): Array<any> {
-    return [
+    return toArrayFromFields(this, CharacterBase.serializedFields);
-      this.id,
-      this.name,
-      this.killCount,
-      this.deathCount,
-      this.team,
-      this.health,
-      this.head,
-      this.leftFoot,
-      this.rightFoot,
-    ];
   }
 }

shared/src/objects/types/lamp-base.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 import { vec2, vec3 } from 'gl-matrix';
 import { Id, serializable } from '../../main';
+import { toArrayFromFields } from '../../serialization/serialized-fields';
 import { GameObject } from '../game-object';
 
 @serializable
 export class LampBase extends GameObject {
+  private static readonly serializedFields = [
+    'id',
+    'center',
+    'color',
+    'lightness',
+  ] as const;
+
   constructor(
     id: Id,
     public center: vec2,
@@ -19,7 +27,6 @@ export class LampBase extends GameObject {
   public setLight(color: vec3, lightness: number) {}
 
   public toArray(): Array<any> {
-    const { id, center, color, lightness } = this;
+    return toArrayFromFields(this, LampBase.serializedFields);
-    return [id, center, color, lightness];
   }
 }

shared/src/objects/types/planet-base.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,22 @@ import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
 import { Random } from '../../helper/random';
 import { settings } from '../../settings';
 import { serializable } from '../../serialization/serializable';
+import { toArrayFromFields } from '../../serialization/serialized-fields';
 import { GameObject } from '../game-object';
 import { Id } from '../../communication/id';
 import { CharacterTeam } from './character-base';
 
 @serializable
 export class PlanetBase extends GameObject {
+  // centre/radius are derived from vertices in the constructor, so they are not
+  // serialized — only the constructor parameters are.
+  private static readonly serializedFields = [
+    'id',
+    'vertices',
+    'ownership',
+    'isKeystone',
+  ] as const;
+
   public readonly center: vec2;
   public readonly radius: number;
 
@@ -57,6 +67,6 @@ export class PlanetBase extends GameObject {
   }
 
   public toArray(): Array<any> {
-    return [this.id, this.vertices, this.ownership, this.isKeystone];
+    return toArrayFromFields(this, PlanetBase.serializedFields);
   }
 }

shared/src/objects/types/projectile-base.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
 import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
 import { settings } from '../../settings';
 import { serializable } from '../../serialization/serializable';
+import { toArrayFromFields } from '../../serialization/serialized-fields';
 import { GameObject } from '../game-object';
 import { Id } from '../../communication/id';
 import { CharacterTeam } from './character-base';
 
 @serializable
 export class ProjectileBase extends GameObject {
+  private static readonly serializedFields = [
+    'id',
+    'center',
+    'radius',
+    'team',
+    'strength',
+  ] as const;
+
   constructor(
     id: Id,
     public center: vec2,
@@ -23,6 +32,6 @@ export class ProjectileBase extends GameObject {
   }
 
   public toArray(): Array<any> {
-    return [this.id, this.center, this.radius, this.team, this.strength];
+    return toArrayFromFields(this, ProjectileBase.serializedFields);
   }
 }

shared/src/physics/character-movement.ts

@@ -107,7 +107,13 @@ const springMove = (
 
 const keepPosture = (state: CharacterMovementState) => {
   const center = characterCenter(state);
-  springMove(state, state.leftFoot, center, leftFootOffset, settings.postureFeetStiffness);
+  springMove(
+    state,
+    state.leftFoot,
+    center,
+    leftFootOffset,
+    settings.postureFeetStiffness,
+  );
   springMove(
     state,
     state.rightFoot,
@@ -133,7 +139,12 @@ const carryWithRotatingPlanet = (
   const angle = -planet.angularVelocity * deltaTimeInSeconds;
   const center = planet.center;
   state.head.center = vec2.rotate(vec2.create(), state.head.center, center, angle);
-  state.leftFoot.center = vec2.rotate(vec2.create(), state.leftFoot.center, center, angle);
+  state.leftFoot.center = vec2.rotate(
+    vec2.create(),
+    state.leftFoot.center,
+    center,
+    angle,
+  );
   state.rightFoot.center = vec2.rotate(
     vec2.create(),
     state.rightFoot.center,
@@ -148,10 +159,7 @@ const carryWithRotatingPlanet = (
 // server's leap() and the client's prediction apply the exact same impulse.
 // The caller does the gating (strength, cooldown, alive); this is a no-op when
 // not on a surface.
-export const applyLeapImpulse = (
+export const applyLeapImpulse = (state: CharacterMovementState, moveDirection: vec2) => {
-  state: CharacterMovementState,
-  moveDirection: vec2,
-) => {
   const planet = state.currentPlanet;
   if (!planet) {
     return;
@@ -206,7 +214,9 @@ export const tickPlanetDetachment = (
   state: CharacterMovementState,
   deltaTimeInSeconds: number,
 ) => {
-  if ((state.secondsSinceOnSurface += deltaTimeInSeconds) > settings.planetDetachmentSeconds) {
+  if (
+    (state.secondsSinceOnSurface += deltaTimeInSeconds) > settings.planetDetachmentSeconds
+  ) {
     state.currentPlanet = undefined;
   }
 };
@@ -255,10 +265,7 @@ export const decayMomentum = (
   }
 };
 
-const decayBodyMomentum = (
+const decayBodyMomentum = (state: CharacterMovementState, deltaTimeInSeconds: number) => {
-  state: CharacterMovementState,
-  deltaTimeInSeconds: number,
-) => {
   decayMomentum(state.bodyVelocity, !!state.currentPlanet, deltaTimeInSeconds);
 };
 
@@ -293,7 +300,11 @@ export const stepCharacterMovement = (
   const center = characterCenter(state);
   const grounds = world.groundsNear(center, boundRadius + settings.maxGravityDistance);
 
-  const movementForce = vec2.scale(inputDirection, inputDirection, settings.maxAcceleration);
+  const movementForce = vec2.scale(
+    inputDirection,
+    inputDirection,
+    settings.maxAcceleration,
+  );
   applyForce(state.leftFoot, movementForce, deltaTimeInSeconds);
   applyForce(state.rightFoot, movementForce, deltaTimeInSeconds);
 

shared/src/serialization/serialized-fields.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Derive a serializable object's positional wire array from a single declared
+// list of field names, so toArray() and the constructor share ONE source of
+// truth for field order instead of a hand-written array that can silently drift
+// out of step with the parameters.
+//
+// deserialize reconstructs via `new Ctor(...array.slice(1))`, so the field list
+// MUST name the constructor's parameters in order. Fields a constructor
+// recomputes from others (e.g. a planet's centre/radius from its vertices) are
+// derived, not serialized, and so are deliberately absent from the list.
+export const toArrayFromFields = (
+  object: any,
+  fields: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+): Array<any> => fields.map((field) => object[field]);

test/__snapshots__/physics-determinism.test.mjs.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`shared character simulation determinism > matches the pinned reference pose (changes only with intentional physics edits) 1`] = `"{"head":[76.14,123.412],"leftFoot":[83.214,105.036],"rightFoot":[79.974,123.01],"bodyVelocity":[0,0]}"`;

test/physics-determinism.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Determinism guard for the shared character simulation. The client predictor
+// and the authoritative server run the EXACT same stepCharacterMovement; if it
+// were non-deterministic (a stray Math.random / Date, or an order-dependent
+// reduce) prediction would rubber-band and could never reconcile. This is also
+// the regression net for the upcoming GC/scratch-pool perf rewrites: the pinned
+// hash must not change unless physics behaviour is intentionally changed.
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { createRequire } from 'node:module';
+
+const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
+const shared = require('../shared/lib/main.js');
+const { vec2 } = require('../shared/node_modules/gl-matrix');
+
+const {
+  stepCharacterMovement,
+  resolveCircleMovement,
+  headRadius,
+  feetRadius,
+  headOffset,
+  leftFootOffset,
+  rightFootOffset,
+} = shared;
+
+const makeBody = (center, radius) => ({
+  center: vec2.clone(center),
+  radius,
+  velocity: vec2.create(),
+  lastNormal: vec2.fromValues(0, 1),
+  restitution: 0,
+});
+
+// A free-space world (no planets): the body is driven purely by the movement
+// input force, posture springs and momentum decay — enough to exercise the
+// deterministic core without coupling the test to planet SDF geometry.
+const emptyWorld = {
+  groundsNear: () => [],
+  stepBody: (body, dt) => {
+    resolveCircleMovement(body, dt, []);
+    return undefined;
+  },
+};
+
+const stepSeconds = 1 / 200;
+
+// Run a fixed, scripted input sequence through the shared sim and return a
+// stable string snapshot of the final pose + carried momentum.
+const runSimulation = () => {
+  const start = vec2.fromValues(100, 100);
+  const state = {
+    head: makeBody(vec2.add(vec2.create(), start, headOffset), headRadius),
+    leftFoot: makeBody(vec2.add(vec2.create(), start, leftFootOffset), feetRadius),
+    rightFoot: makeBody(vec2.add(vec2.create(), start, rightFootOffset), feetRadius),
+    direction: 0,
+    currentPlanet: undefined,
+    secondsSinceOnSurface: 1,
+    bodyVelocity: vec2.create(),
+  };
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
+    const angle = i * 0.1;
+    const input = vec2.fromValues(Math.cos(angle), Math.sin(angle));
+    stepCharacterMovement(state, emptyWorld, input, stepSeconds);
+  }
+
+  const round = (v) => Math.round(v * 1000) / 1000;
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    head: [round(state.head.center[0]), round(state.head.center[1])],
+    leftFoot: [round(state.leftFoot.center[0]), round(state.leftFoot.center[1])],
+    rightFoot: [round(state.rightFoot.center[0]), round(state.rightFoot.center[1])],
+    bodyVelocity: [round(state.bodyVelocity[0]), round(state.bodyVelocity[1])],
+  });
+};
+
+describe('shared character simulation determinism', () => {
+  it('produces identical output across independent runs', () => {
+    expect(runSimulation()).toBe(runSimulation());
+  });
+
+  it('matches the pinned reference pose (changes only with intentional physics edits)', () => {
+    // Regression pin — update deliberately when physics behaviour changes.
+    expect(runSimulation()).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+});

test/prediction-reconciliation.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Reconciliation guard for the REAL client predictor. It exercises
+// LocalCharacterPredictor end-to-end with an injected clock, verifying the two
+// properties reconciliation depends on:
+//   1. a fully-acknowledged snapshot reproduces the authoritative pose exactly
+//      (no spurious drift on top of server truth), and
+//   2. un-acknowledged input is replayed forward deterministically.
+// This is the net for prediction-touching changes (the death-while-dead fix,
+// future netcode work) — a regression shows up as drift or non-determinism.
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  LocalCharacterPredictor,
+  setPredictorClockForTesting,
+} from '../frontend/src/scripts/helper/prediction/local-character-predictor';
+
+const HEAD_RADIUS = 50;
+const FEET_RADIUS = 20;
+
+// A Circle-shaped pose; the predictor only reads .center / .radius, so plain
+// objects with array centres are sufficient (and avoid importing gl-matrix).
+const poseAt = (cx: number, cy: number) => ({
+  head: { center: [cx, cy + 37], radius: HEAD_RADIUS },
+  leftFoot: { center: [cx - 33, cy - 18], radius: FEET_RADIUS },
+  rightFoot: { center: [cx + 33, cy - 18], radius: FEET_RADIUS },
+});
+
+describe('local prediction reconciliation', () => {
+  it('reproduces the authoritative pose exactly when all input is acknowledged', () => {
+    let clock = 1000;
+    setPredictorClockForTesting(() => clock);
+
+    const predictor = new LocalCharacterPredictor();
+    const auth = poseAt(500, 500);
+
+    const t = predictor.recordInput([1, 0]);
+    predictor.acknowledge(t, [0, 0], -Infinity); // server has consumed this input
+    predictor.setStrength(80);
+    predictor.setAuthoritative(auth.head as never, auth.leftFoot as never, auth.rightFoot as never);
+
+    // No clock advance → zero replay window → predicted pose == authoritative.
+    const used = predictor.update([], 1 / 60);
+
+    expect(used).toBe(true);
+    expect(predictor.head.center[0]).toBeCloseTo(auth.head.center[0], 5);
+    expect(predictor.head.center[1]).toBeCloseTo(auth.head.center[1], 5);
+    expect(predictor.leftFoot.center[0]).toBeCloseTo(auth.leftFoot.center[0], 5);
+    expect(predictor.rightFoot.center[0]).toBeCloseTo(auth.rightFoot.center[0], 5);
+  });
+
+  it('replays un-acknowledged input deterministically', () => {
+    const drive = () => {
+      let clock = 0;
+      setPredictorClockForTesting(() => clock);
+
+      const predictor = new LocalCharacterPredictor();
+      clock = 1000;
+      predictor.acknowledge(900, [0, 0], -Infinity); // baseline ack (older than the input below)
+      predictor.setStrength(80);
+      const auth = poseAt(0, 0);
+      predictor.setAuthoritative(auth.head as never, auth.leftFoot as never, auth.rightFoot as never);
+      predictor.recordInput([1, 0]); // unacked rightward input at t=1000
+
+      clock = 1100; // replay ~100 ms forward
+      predictor.update([], 1 / 60);
+      return [
+        predictor.head.center[0],
+        predictor.head.center[1],
+        predictor.leftFoot.center[0],
+        predictor.rightFoot.center[0],
+      ];
+    };
+
+    const a = drive();
+    const b = drive();
+    expect(a).toEqual(b); // deterministic replay
+    expect(a.every((n) => Number.isFinite(n))).toBe(true);
+    expect(a[0]).toBeGreaterThan(0.5); // rightward input actually moved the body
+  });
+
+  it('suppresses prediction while the local player is dead', () => {
+    let clock = 5000;
+    setPredictorClockForTesting(() => clock);
+
+    const predictor = new LocalCharacterPredictor();
+    const auth = poseAt(200, 200);
+    const t = predictor.recordInput([1, 0]);
+    predictor.acknowledge(t, [0, 0], -Infinity);
+    predictor.setStrength(80);
+    predictor.setAuthoritative(auth.head as never, auth.leftFoot as never, auth.rightFoot as never);
+    predictor.setAlive(false); // dead, awaiting respawn
+
+    clock = 5200; // input + elapsed time that would otherwise be replayed forward
+    // Even with a valid authoritative pose and pending input, a dead body must
+    // not be predicted/moved — that was the "move while dead" bug.
+    expect(predictor.update([], 1 / 60)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

test/serialization.test.mjs

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ const {
   MoveActionCommand,
   UpdatePropertyCommand,
   PropertyUpdatesForObject,
+  // networked entity bases — their toArray() must mirror their constructor order
+  CharacterBase,
+  PlanetBase,
+  ProjectileBase,
+  LampBase,
   // geometry — single source of truth shared by server & client prediction
   headRadius,
   feetRadius,
@@ -77,6 +82,67 @@ describe('serialization round-trip (built shared lib)', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe('networked entity round-trips (toArray ↔ constructor contract)', () => {
+  it('round-trips a ProjectileBase', () => {
+    const out = deserialize(serialize(new ProjectileBase(7, [10, 20], 30, 'blue', 40)));
+    expect(out).toBeInstanceOf(ProjectileBase);
+    expect(out.id).toBe(7);
+    expect(out.center[0]).toBeCloseTo(10, 5);
+    expect(out.center[1]).toBeCloseTo(20, 5);
+    expect(out.radius).toBe(30);
+    expect(out.team).toBe('blue');
+    expect(out.strength).toBe(40);
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips a CharacterBase with its nested body Circles', () => {
+    const out = deserialize(
+      serialize(
+        new CharacterBase(
+          8,
+          'Bob',
+          2,
+          1,
+          'red',
+          100,
+          new Circle([1, 2], 50),
+          new Circle([3, 4], 20),
+          new Circle([5, 6], 20),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(out).toBeInstanceOf(CharacterBase);
+    expect(out.id).toBe(8);
+    expect(out.name).toBe('Bob');
+    expect(out.killCount).toBe(2);
+    expect(out.deathCount).toBe(1);
+    expect(out.team).toBe('red');
+    expect(out.health).toBe(100);
+    expect(out.head).toBeInstanceOf(Circle);
+    expect(out.head.center[0]).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+    expect(out.head.radius).toBe(50);
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips a LampBase', () => {
+    const out = deserialize(serialize(new LampBase(9, [7, 8], [1, 0.5, 0.2], 0.8)));
+    expect(out).toBeInstanceOf(LampBase);
+    expect(out.center[1]).toBeCloseTo(8, 5);
+    expect(out.color[2]).toBeCloseTo(0.2, 5);
+    expect(out.lightness).toBeCloseTo(0.8, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips a PlanetBase (derived centre/radius recomputed from vertices)', () => {
+    const out = deserialize(
+      serialize(new PlanetBase(10, [[0, 0], [100, 0], [50, 100]], 0.7, true)),
+    );
+    expect(out).toBeInstanceOf(PlanetBase);
+    expect(out.id).toBe(10);
+    expect(out.vertices).toHaveLength(3);
+    expect(out.ownership).toBeCloseTo(0.7, 5);
+    expect(out.isKeystone).toBe(true);
+    expect(out.center[0]).toBeCloseTo(50, 5); // recomputed by the constructor
+  });
+});
+
 describe('shared character geometry — single source of truth', () => {
   it('matches the known body layout', () => {
     expect(headRadius).toBe(50);