From b355132861881d81bd2cfb8f54304ae5ee07533e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andras Schmelczer <andras@schmelczer.dev>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2026 20:53:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Add dithering

---
 .../renderer/renderer-implementation.ts        | 13 +++++++++++++
 .../rendering/shaders/shading-fs-100.glsl      | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs.glsl | 15 +++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/graphics/rendering/renderer/renderer-implementation.ts b/src/graphics/rendering/renderer/renderer-implementation.ts
index d7fe550..19ce9e4 100644
--- a/src/graphics/rendering/renderer/renderer-implementation.ts
+++ b/src/graphics/rendering/renderer/renderer-implementation.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ export class RendererImplementation implements Renderer {
   private _canvasSize: vec2;
   private blendFactor!: number;
   private canvasResizeObserver!: ResizeObserver;
+  private frameIndex = 0;
 
   private applyRuntimeSettings: {
     [key in keyof RuntimeSettings]: (value: any) => void;
@@ -247,6 +248,18 @@ export class RendererImplementation implements Renderer {
 
       distanceNdcPixelSize: 2 / Math.max(...this.distanceFieldFrameBuffer.getSize()),
       shadingNdcPixelSize: 2 / Math.max(...this.lightingFrameBuffer.getSize()),
+
+      // The motion-blur blend multiplies the lights pass' output by
+      // blendFactor before it reaches the 8-bit canvas, which would attenuate
+      // the anti-banding dither below the quantization step it has to mask.
+      // Pre-scale the dither to arrive at full strength after blending; the
+      // clamp keeps extreme motion-blur values from injecting visible grain.
+      ditherStrength: lightsSizeChanged ? 1 : 1 / Math.max(this.blendFactor, 0.125),
+
+      // Scroll the dither pattern every frame (golden-ratio offset), so the
+      // motion-blur blend averages independently dithered frames instead of
+      // freezing into a banded fixed point.
+      ditherSeed: (this.frameIndex = (this.frameIndex + 1) & 63) * 5.588238,
     };
 
     this.distancePass.render(this.uniformsProvider.getUniforms(common), [
diff --git a/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs-100.glsl b/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs-100.glsl
index 7d1756d..a312675 100644
--- a/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs-100.glsl
+++ b/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs-100.glsl
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #version 100
 
-precision lowp float;
+#ifdef GL_FRAGMENT_PRECISION_HIGH
+  precision highp float;
+#else
+  precision mediump float;
+#endif
 
 #define INTENSITY_INSIDE_RATIO {intensityInsideRatio}
 #define SHADOW_TRACE_COUNT {shadowTraceCount}
@@ -11,6 +15,8 @@ precision lowp float;
 {macroDefinitions}
 
 uniform float shadingNdcPixelSize;
+uniform float ditherStrength;
+uniform float ditherSeed;
 uniform vec2 squareToAspectRatioTimes2;
 uniform vec3 ambientLight;
 
@@ -62,6 +68,14 @@ float shadowTransparency(float startingDistance, float lightCenterDistance, vec2
 #endif
 #endif
 
+float ditherNoise() {
+    float ign = fract(52.9829189 * fract(
+        dot(gl_FragCoord.xy + ditherSeed, vec2(0.06711056, 0.00583715))
+    ));
+    float t = 2.0 * ign - 1.0;
+    return sign(t) * (1.0 - sqrt(1.0 - abs(t)));
+}
+
 void main() {
     vec4 rgbaColorAtPosition;
     float startingDistance = getDistance(uvCoordinates, rgbaColorAtPosition);
@@ -144,7 +158,7 @@ void main() {
     float edge = clamp(startingDistance / shadingNdcPixelSize, 0.0, 1.0);
     vec3 antialiasedColor = mix(insideColor, outsideColor, edge);
     gl_FragColor = vec4(
-        antialiasedColor,
+        antialiasedColor + ditherNoise() * ditherStrength / 255.0,
         rgbaColorAtPosition.a
     );
 }
diff --git a/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs.glsl b/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs.glsl
index de3f2fd..424c9d0 100644
--- a/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs.glsl
+++ b/src/graphics/rendering/shaders/shading-fs.glsl
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #version 300 es
 
-precision lowp float;
+precision highp float;
+precision highp sampler2D;
 
 #define INTENSITY_INSIDE_RATIO {intensityInsideRatio}
 #define SHADOW_TRACE_COUNT {shadowTraceCount}
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ precision lowp float;
 
 uniform float shadingNdcPixelSize;
 uniform float distanceNdcPixelSize;
+uniform float ditherStrength;
+uniform float ditherSeed;
 uniform vec2 squareToAspectRatioTimes2;
 uniform vec3 ambientLight;
 
@@ -83,6 +86,14 @@ float shadowTransparency(float startingDistance, float lightCenterDistance, vec2
 #endif
 #endif
 
+float ditherNoise() {
+    float ign = fract(52.9829189 * fract(
+        dot(gl_FragCoord.xy + ditherSeed, vec2(0.06711056, 0.00583715))
+    ));
+    float t = 2.0 * ign - 1.0;
+    return sign(t) * (1.0 - sqrt(1.0 - abs(t)));
+}
+
 out vec4 fragmentColor;
 void main() {
     vec4 rgbaColorAtPosition = getColor(uvCoordinates);
@@ -167,7 +178,7 @@ void main() {
     float edge = clamp(startingDistance / shadingNdcPixelSize, 0.0, 1.0);
     vec3 antialiasedColor = mix(insideColor, outsideColor, edge);
     fragmentColor = vec4(
-        antialiasedColor,
+        antialiasedColor + ditherNoise() * ditherStrength / 255.0,
         rgbaColorAtPosition.a
     );
 }