77 lines
2.4 KiB
Python
77 lines
2.4 KiB
Python
"""Load greenspace/water polygons and subtract them from postcode boundaries."""
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from pathlib import Path
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import polars as pl
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from shapely import make_valid, wkb
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from shapely.geometry import MultiPolygon, Polygon
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from shapely.strtree import STRtree
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from .geometry import safe_difference, safe_union
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def load_greenspace(path: Path) -> tuple[STRtree, list]:
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"""Load greenspace parquet and build an STRtree spatial index.
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Geometries are repaired with ``make_valid`` on load: an invalid park/lake
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polygon would make the per-postcode ``intersects`` predicate (and the exact
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difference path) liable to raise mid-merge, hours into a build. Empty
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geometries are dropped.
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Returns:
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(tree, geoms) where tree is a Shapely STRtree and geoms is
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the list of geometries indexed by the tree.
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"""
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df = pl.read_parquet(path)
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geoms = []
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for raw in df["geometry"].to_list():
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geom = wkb.loads(raw)
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if not geom.is_valid:
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geom = make_valid(geom)
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if not geom.is_empty:
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geoms.append(geom)
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tree = STRtree(geoms)
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return tree, geoms
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MAX_REMOVAL_FRACTION = 0.9 # Keep original if >90% would be removed
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def subtract_greenspace(
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postcode_geom: Polygon | MultiPolygon,
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tree: STRtree,
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geoms: list,
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) -> Polygon | MultiPolygon:
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"""Subtract park/water polygons that overlap the postcode geometry.
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Uses the STRtree for fast candidate lookup, then subtracts the union
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of intersecting greenspace from the postcode polygon. If subtraction
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would remove >90% of the area, keeps the original (the postcode
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genuinely covers that land, e.g. churchyards, riverside addresses).
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"""
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candidate_idxs = tree.query(postcode_geom)
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if len(candidate_idxs) == 0:
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return postcode_geom
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# Collect geometries that actually intersect (not just bbox overlap)
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intersecting = []
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for idx in candidate_idxs:
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g = geoms[idx]
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if g.intersects(postcode_geom):
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intersecting.append(g)
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if not intersecting:
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return postcode_geom
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green_union = safe_union(intersecting)
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result = safe_difference(postcode_geom, green_union)
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if result.is_empty:
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return postcode_geom
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# Don't over-trim postcodes that genuinely cover green/water areas
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original_area = postcode_geom.area
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if original_area > 0 and result.area / original_area < (1 - MAX_REMOVAL_FRACTION):
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return postcode_geom
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return result
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