perfect-postcode/pipeline/utils/poi_counts.py
2026-01-31 10:49:43 +00:00

192 lines
6.1 KiB
Python

"""Count POIs within a radius of properties, optimized via postcode deduplication."""
import os
import tempfile
import numpy as np
import polars as pl
from .haversine import haversine_km
# POI category groups for proximity counting
POI_GROUPS = {
"restaurants": ["Restaurant", "Fast Food"],
"groceries": ["Greengrocer", "Grocery Shop", "Supermarket", "Convenience Store"],
"parks": ["Park", "Garden", "Nature Reserve"],
"public_transport": ["Station", "Stop", "Bus Station"],
}
def _count_pois_per_postcode(
postcodes_df: pl.DataFrame, pois: pl.DataFrame, radius_km: float = 2.0
) -> pl.DataFrame:
"""
For each unique postcode, count POIs within radius_km by category group.
Uses spatial grid with vectorized distance calculations.
"""
print(f"Counting POIs within {radius_km}km per postcode...")
n_postcodes = len(postcodes_df)
n_pois = len(pois)
print(f" {n_postcodes:,} postcodes, {n_pois:,} POIs")
# Build spatial grid for POIs (0.05 degree cells ~5.5km)
grid_size = 0.05
print(" Building POI spatial grid...")
# Convert to numpy arrays
poi_lats = pois["lat"].to_numpy()
poi_lngs = pois["lng"].to_numpy()
poi_cats = pois["category"].to_numpy()
# Compute grid coordinates for all POIs
poi_grid_lats = np.floor(poi_lats / grid_size).astype(np.int32)
poi_grid_lngs = np.floor(poi_lngs / grid_size).astype(np.int32)
# Build grid cell lookup using numpy indexing
poi_grid = {}
for i in range(n_pois):
key = (poi_grid_lats[i], poi_grid_lngs[i])
if key not in poi_grid:
poi_grid[key] = []
poi_grid[key].append(i)
# Convert grid values to numpy arrays for faster indexing
for key in poi_grid:
poi_grid[key] = np.array(poi_grid[key], dtype=np.int32)
print(f" POI grid has {len(poi_grid):,} occupied cells")
# Pre-compute category masks
category_masks = {}
for group, categories in POI_GROUPS.items():
mask = np.isin(poi_cats, categories)
category_masks[group] = mask
print(f" {group}: {mask.sum():,} POIs")
# Extract postcode coordinates as numpy arrays
pc_lats = postcodes_df["lat"].to_numpy()
pc_lons = postcodes_df["lon"].to_numpy()
pc_codes = postcodes_df["postcode"].to_list()
# Initialize result arrays
result_counts = {group: np.zeros(n_postcodes, dtype=np.int32) for group in POI_GROUPS}
# Process in batches with progress
batch_size = 50000
n_batches = (n_postcodes + batch_size - 1) // batch_size
print(f" Processing {n_postcodes:,} postcodes in {n_batches} batches...")
for batch_idx in range(n_batches):
start_idx = batch_idx * batch_size
end_idx = min(start_idx + batch_size, n_postcodes)
if batch_idx % 5 == 0:
print(f" Batch {batch_idx + 1}/{n_batches}: postcodes {start_idx:,} - {end_idx:,}")
# Process batch
for i in range(start_idx, end_idx):
pc_lat = pc_lats[i]
pc_lon = pc_lons[i]
# Find grid cells to check (3x3 grid)
grid_lat = int(np.floor(pc_lat / grid_size))
grid_lng = int(np.floor(pc_lon / grid_size))
# Collect nearby POI indices
nearby_indices = []
for dlat in [-1, 0, 1]:
for dlng in [-1, 0, 1]:
cell_key = (grid_lat + dlat, grid_lng + dlng)
if cell_key in poi_grid:
nearby_indices.append(poi_grid[cell_key])
if not nearby_indices:
continue
# Concatenate all nearby POI indices
nearby = np.concatenate(nearby_indices)
# Vectorized distance calculation for all nearby POIs
distances = haversine_km(
poi_lats[nearby],
poi_lngs[nearby],
pc_lat,
pc_lon
)
# Filter by radius
within_mask = distances <= radius_km
within_indices = nearby[within_mask]
if len(within_indices) == 0:
continue
# Count by category group using pre-computed masks
for group, cat_mask in category_masks.items():
result_counts[group][i] = cat_mask[within_indices].sum()
# Build result dataframe
result_data = {"postcode": pc_codes}
for group in POI_GROUPS:
result_data[f"{group}_{int(radius_km)}km"] = result_counts[group]
result = pl.DataFrame(result_data)
print(" Completed POI counting")
return result
def count_pois_within_radius(
properties: pl.DataFrame, pois: pl.DataFrame, radius_km: float = 2.0
) -> dict[str, pl.Series]:
"""
Count POIs within radius for properties, optimized by deduplicating postcodes.
Returns dict of {column_name: count_series} aligned to properties dataframe.
"""
# Get unique postcodes with coordinates
print("Deduplicating postcodes...")
unique_postcodes = (
properties
.select(["postcode", "lat", "lon"])
.unique(subset=["postcode"])
)
print(f" {len(properties):,} properties → {len(unique_postcodes):,} unique postcodes")
# Count POIs per postcode
postcode_counts = _count_pois_per_postcode(unique_postcodes, pois, radius_km)
# Write to temp file to avoid memory duplication during join
print(" Writing postcode counts to temp file...")
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".parquet", delete=False) as tmp:
tmp_path = tmp.name
postcode_counts.write_parquet(tmp_path)
del postcode_counts # Free memory
# Join using lazy evaluation
print(" Joining counts back to properties (lazy)...")
count_cols = [f"{group}_{int(radius_km)}km" for group in POI_GROUPS]
# Convert properties to lazy frame, join, then collect
result_lazy = (
properties.lazy()
.select("postcode")
.join(
pl.scan_parquet(tmp_path),
on="postcode",
how="left"
)
.select(count_cols)
.fill_null(0)
)
result_df = result_lazy.collect()
# Clean up temp file
os.unlink(tmp_path)
# Extract as dict of Series
return {col: result_df[col] for col in count_cols}