"""Zoopla (zoopla.co.uk) scraper — sale properties.

Zoopla is behind Cloudflare Turnstile (managed interactive challenge), which
blocks non-browser HTTP clients and even Playwright with stealth patches. Only
Camoufox (an anti-fingerprinting Firefox fork) passes reliably.

Zoopla uses Next.js App Router with React Server Components (RSC). Search
result data is server-rendered in an RSC stream, not available via
__NEXT_DATA__ or a JSON API.

Architecture:
  Unlike the other scrapers which use HTTP clients per outcode, Zoopla keeps
  a single Camoufox browser alive for the entire scrape. For each outcode, it:
    1. Navigates directly to the sale search URL
    2. Extracts listing data from the rendered DOM
    3. Handles pagination via ?pn=N parameter

  The browser session replaces the cookie/client pattern used by other scrapers.
"""

import logging
import os
import re
import signal
import sys
import time
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, urlencode, urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse

import httpx

from constants import (
    DATA_DIR,
    DELAY_BETWEEN_PAGES,
    MAX_BEDROOMS,
    PROPERTY_TYPE_MAP,
    ZOOPLA_BASE,
)
from spatial import PostcodeSpatialIndex
from transform import (
    clean_listing_address,
    extract_full_postcode,
    normalize_sub_type,
    parse_int_value,
    validate_floor_area,
)

log = logging.getLogger("zoopla")


class TurnstileError(Exception):
    """Raised when Cloudflare Turnstile challenge cannot be passed."""


def _pid_exists(pid: int) -> bool:
    try:
        os.kill(pid, 0)
    except ProcessLookupError:
        return False
    except PermissionError:
        return True
    return True


def _proc_ppid(pid: int) -> int | None:
    try:
        for line in Path(f"/proc/{pid}/status").read_text().splitlines():
            if line.startswith("PPid:"):
                return int(line.split()[1])
    except (OSError, ValueError):
        return None
    return None


def _proc_descendants(root_pid: int) -> set[int]:
    proc_root = Path("/proc")
    if not proc_root.exists():
        return set()

    children: dict[int, list[int]] = {}
    for path in proc_root.iterdir():
        if not path.name.isdigit():
            continue
        pid = int(path.name)
        ppid = _proc_ppid(pid)
        if ppid is not None:
            children.setdefault(ppid, []).append(pid)

    descendants: set[int] = set()
    stack = list(children.get(root_pid, []))
    while stack:
        pid = stack.pop()
        if pid in descendants:
            continue
        descendants.add(pid)
        stack.extend(children.get(pid, []))
    return descendants


def _terminate_process_tree(root_pid: int, label: str) -> None:
    if root_pid <= 0 or root_pid == os.getpid():
        return

    pids = _proc_descendants(root_pid) | {root_pid}
    for sig, sig_name, delay in (
        (signal.SIGTERM, "SIGTERM", 1.0),
        (signal.SIGKILL, "SIGKILL", 0.5),
    ):
        alive = [pid for pid in sorted(pids, reverse=True) if _pid_exists(pid)]
        if not alive:
            return
        log.warning("%s: sending %s to %d process(es)", label, sig_name, len(alive))
        for pid in alive:
            try:
                os.kill(pid, sig)
            except ProcessLookupError:
                pass
            except OSError as exc:
                log.debug("%s: could not signal pid %d: %s", label, pid, exc)
        time.sleep(delay)

    alive = [pid for pid in sorted(pids) if _pid_exists(pid)]
    if alive:
        log.warning("%s: process(es) still alive after force close: %s", label, alive)


def _process_cmdline(pid: int) -> str:
    try:
        raw = Path(f"/proc/{pid}/cmdline").read_bytes()
    except OSError:
        return ""
    return raw.replace(b"\0", b" ").decode(errors="replace")


def _profile_in_live_process(profile_dir: Path) -> bool:
    proc_root = Path("/proc")
    if not proc_root.exists():
        return False

    needle = str(profile_dir)
    for path in proc_root.iterdir():
        if path.name.isdigit() and needle in _process_cmdline(int(path.name)):
            return True
    return False


def _remove_stale_profile_locks(profile_dir: Path) -> None:
    if _profile_in_live_process(profile_dir):
        return

    for name in (".parentlock", "parent.lock", "lock"):
        lock_path = profile_dir / name
        try:
            if lock_path.exists() or lock_path.is_symlink():
                lock_path.unlink()
                log.warning("Removed stale Zoopla profile lock: %s", lock_path)
        except OSError as exc:
            log.debug("Could not remove Zoopla profile lock %s: %s", lock_path, exc)


def _exception_detail(exc: BaseException) -> str:
    detail = " ".join(str(exc).split())
    if not detail:
        detail = repr(exc)
    return f"{type(exc).__name__}: {detail}"


class _ManagedCamoufoxBrowser:
    def __init__(self, context_manager, browser):
        self._context_manager = context_manager
        self._browser = browser
        self._closed = False

    def close(self) -> None:
        if self._closed:
            return
        self._closed = True
        self._browser.close()
        # Camoufox.__exit__ calls browser.close() itself. The context is already
        # closed here, so clear it to avoid a second blocking close attempt.
        self._context_manager.browser = None
        self._context_manager.__exit__(None, None, None)

    def force_close(self) -> None:
        self._closed = True
        pid = self._driver_pid()
        if pid is None:
            log.warning("Zoopla force-close requested but Playwright driver pid is unknown")
            return
        _terminate_process_tree(pid, "Zoopla browser force-close")
        _remove_stale_profile_locks(_zoopla_profile_dir())

    def _driver_pid(self) -> int | None:
        connection = getattr(self._context_manager, "_connection", None)
        transport = getattr(connection, "_transport", None)
        proc = getattr(transport, "_proc", None)
        pid = getattr(proc, "pid", None)
        return pid if isinstance(pid, int) else None

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return getattr(self._browser, name)


# JavaScript to extract listings from the rendered DOM.
# Uses data-testid attributes as primary selectors (stable across deployments),
# then falls back to href-based link matching with parent-walking.
_EXTRACT_LISTINGS_JS = r"""() => {
    const seen = new Set();
    const results = [];

    // Strategy 1: Use data-testid selectors (post-2025 redesign)
    const listingCards = document.querySelectorAll(
        '[data-testid="regular-listings"] > div, [data-testid="search-content"] li'
    );

    for (const card of listingCards) {
        const link = card.querySelector(
            'a[href*="/for-sale/details/"], a[href*="/new-homes/details/"]'
        );
        if (!link) continue;

        const href = link.href;
        const match = href.match(/\/details\/(\d+)\//);
        if (!match) continue;

        const id = match[1];
        if (seen.has(id)) continue;
        seen.add(id);

        const text = card.innerText || '';

        // Try data-testid price element first, then regex
        const priceEl = card.querySelector('[data-testid="listing-price"]');
        const priceText = priceEl ? priceEl.innerText : text;
        const priceMatch = priceText.match(/\u00a3([\d,]+)/);

        // Try address element first, then regex
        const addressEl = card.querySelector('address');
        let address = addressEl ? addressEl.innerText.trim() : '';

        if (!address) {
            const lines = text.split('\n').map(l => l.trim()).filter(Boolean);
            for (const line of lines) {
                if (/[A-Z]{1,2}\d[A-Z\d]?\s*\d[A-Z]{2}/i.test(line) ||
                    (line.includes(',') && !line.includes('\u00a3') && !/^\d+ beds?/i.test(line))) {
                    address = line;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        const bedsMatch = text.match(/(\d+)\s*beds?/i);
        const bathsMatch = text.match(/(\d+)\s*baths?/i);
        const recMatch = text.match(/(\d+)\s*reception/i);
        const areaSqftMatch = text.match(/([\d,]+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*(?:sq\.?\s*ft|square\s+feet|ft(?:\^?2|²))/i);
        const areaSqmMatch = text.match(/([\d,]+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*(?:sq\.?\s*m|square\s+met(?:er|re)s?|m(?:\^?2|²))/i);

        let tenure = '';
        if (/leasehold/i.test(text)) tenure = 'Leasehold';
        else if (/freehold/i.test(text)) tenure = 'Freehold';

        // Extract property type (e.g., "2 bed flat for sale" → "flat")
        let property_type = '';
        const ptMatch = text.match(/\d+\s*(?:beds?|bedrooms?)\s+([\w\s-]+?)\s+for\s+sale/i);
        if (ptMatch) property_type = ptMatch[1].trim();
        else if (/\bstudio\s*(?:flat|apartment)?\s+for\s+sale/i.test(text)) property_type = 'Studio';

        // Keyword fallback when regex doesn't match current DOM format
        if (!property_type) {
            const lower = text.toLowerCase();
            if (/\bstudio\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Studio';
            else if (/\bpenthouse\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Penthouse';
            else if (/\bmaisonette\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Maisonette';
            else if (/\bapartment\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Apartment';
            else if (/\bflat\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Flat';
            else if (/\bsemi[- ]?detached\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Semi-Detached';
            else if (/\bdetached\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Detached';
            else if (/\bterraced?\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Terraced';
            else if (/\bbungalow\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Bungalow';
            else if (/\bcottage\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Cottage';
            else if (/\bhouse\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'House';
        }

        results.push({
            id, url: href.replace(window.location.origin, ''),
            price: priceMatch ? parseInt(priceMatch[1].replace(/,/g, '')) : null,
            price_text: priceText.trim(),
            beds: bedsMatch && parseInt(bedsMatch[1]) <= 20 ? parseInt(bedsMatch[1]) : null,
            baths: bathsMatch && parseInt(bathsMatch[1]) <= 20 ? parseInt(bathsMatch[1]) : null,
            receptions: recMatch && parseInt(recMatch[1]) <= 20 ? parseInt(recMatch[1]) : null,
            floor_area_sqft: areaSqftMatch ? parseInt(areaSqftMatch[1].replace(/,/g, '')) : null,
            floor_area_sqm: areaSqmMatch ? parseFloat(areaSqmMatch[1].replace(/,/g, '')) : null,
            address, tenure, property_type,
        });
    }

    // Strategy 2: Fall back to href-based link matching with parent-walking
    if (results.length === 0) {
        const links = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(
            'a[href*="/for-sale/details/"], a[href*="/new-homes/details/"]'
        ));

        for (const link of links) {
            const href = link.href;
            const match = href.match(/\/details\/(\d+)\//);
            if (!match) continue;

            const id = match[1];
            if (seen.has(id)) continue;
            seen.add(id);

            let card = link;
            for (let j = 0; j < 15; j++) {
                card = card.parentElement;
                if (!card) break;
                const t = card.innerText || '';
                if (t.includes('\u00a3') && (t.includes('bed') || t.includes('Bath') || t.includes('sq ft'))) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!card) continue;

            const text = card.innerText || '';
            const lines = text.split('\n').map(l => l.trim()).filter(Boolean);

            const priceEl2 = card.querySelector('[data-testid="listing-price"]');
            const priceText2 = priceEl2 ? priceEl2.innerText : text;
            const priceMatch = priceText2.match(/\u00a3([\d,]+)/);
            const bedsMatch = text.match(/(\d+)\s*beds?/i);
            const bathsMatch = text.match(/(\d+)\s*baths?/i);
            const recMatch = text.match(/(\d+)\s*reception/i);
            const areaSqftMatch = text.match(/([\d,]+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*(?:sq\.?\s*ft|square\s+feet|ft(?:\^?2|²))/i);
            const areaSqmMatch = text.match(/([\d,]+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*(?:sq\.?\s*m|square\s+met(?:er|re)s?|m(?:\^?2|²))/i);

            let address = '';
            for (const line of lines) {
                if (/[A-Z]{1,2}\d[A-Z\d]?\s*\d[A-Z]{2}/i.test(line) ||
                    (line.includes(',') && !line.includes('\u00a3') && !/^\d+ beds?/i.test(line))) {
                    address = line;
                    break;
                }
            }

            let tenure = '';
            if (/leasehold/i.test(text)) tenure = 'Leasehold';
            else if (/freehold/i.test(text)) tenure = 'Freehold';

            // Extract property type
            let property_type = '';
            const ptMatch2 = text.match(/\d+\s*(?:beds?|bedrooms?)\s+([\w\s-]+?)\s+for\s+sale/i);
            if (ptMatch2) property_type = ptMatch2[1].trim();
            else if (/\bstudio\s*(?:flat|apartment)?\s+for\s+sale/i.test(text)) property_type = 'Studio';

            // Keyword fallback when regex doesn't match current DOM format
            if (!property_type) {
                const lower = text.toLowerCase();
                if (/\bstudio\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Studio';
                else if (/\bpenthouse\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Penthouse';
                else if (/\bmaisonette\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Maisonette';
                else if (/\bapartment\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Apartment';
                else if (/\bflat\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Flat';
                else if (/\bsemi[- ]?detached\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Semi-Detached';
                else if (/\bdetached\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Detached';
                else if (/\bterraced?\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Terraced';
                else if (/\bbungalow\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Bungalow';
                else if (/\bcottage\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'Cottage';
                else if (/\bhouse\b/.test(lower)) property_type = 'House';
            }

            results.push({
                id, url: href.replace(window.location.origin, ''),
                price: priceMatch ? parseInt(priceMatch[1].replace(/,/g, '')) : null,
                price_text: priceText2.trim(),
                beds: bedsMatch && parseInt(bedsMatch[1]) <= 20 ? parseInt(bedsMatch[1]) : null,
                baths: bathsMatch && parseInt(bathsMatch[1]) <= 20 ? parseInt(bathsMatch[1]) : null,
                receptions: recMatch && parseInt(recMatch[1]) <= 20 ? parseInt(recMatch[1]) : null,
                floor_area_sqft: areaSqftMatch ? parseInt(areaSqftMatch[1].replace(/,/g, '')) : null,
                floor_area_sqm: areaSqmMatch ? parseFloat(areaSqmMatch[1].replace(/,/g, '')) : null,
                address, tenure, property_type,
            });
        }
    }

    return results;
}"""

# JavaScript to dismiss the Usercentrics cookie consent overlay (shadow DOM).
_DISMISS_COOKIES_JS = """() => {
    const aside = document.querySelector('#usercentrics-cmp-ui');
    if (aside && aside.shadowRoot) {
        const btns = aside.shadowRoot.querySelectorAll('button');
        for (const btn of btns) {
            if (btn.innerText.includes('Accept')) { btn.click(); return true; }
        }
    }
    if (aside) { aside.remove(); return true; }
    return false;
}"""


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Browser lifecycle
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


_FALSE_ENV_VALUES = {"0", "false", "no", "off"}
_TRUE_ENV_VALUES = {"1", "true", "yes", "on"}


def _env_bool_or_virtual(name: str, default: bool | str) -> bool | str:
    raw = os.environ.get(name)
    if raw is None:
        return default

    value = raw.strip().lower()
    if value == "virtual":
        return "virtual"
    if value in _TRUE_ENV_VALUES:
        return True
    if value in _FALSE_ENV_VALUES:
        return False
    raise ValueError(
        f"{name} must be one of 1/0, true/false, yes/no, on/off, or virtual"
    )


def _visible_display_available() -> bool:
    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
        return bool(os.environ.get("DISPLAY") or os.environ.get("WAYLAND_DISPLAY"))
    return True


def _zoopla_headless_mode() -> bool | str:
    # Prefer a visible browser by default so Cloudflare can be completed by the
    # person running the scrape. In display-less Linux shells, keep startup
    # headless and fail fast with an actionable error if a challenge appears.
    default: bool | str = not _visible_display_available()
    return _env_bool_or_virtual("ZOOPLA_HEADLESS", default)


def _zoopla_profile_dir() -> Path:
    raw = os.environ.get("ZOOPLA_PROFILE_DIR")
    if raw:
        return Path(raw).expanduser().resolve()
    return (DATA_DIR / ".runtime" / "zoopla-profile").expanduser().resolve()


def _challenge_timeout_seconds() -> int:
    raw = os.environ.get("ZOOPLA_CHALLENGE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS")
    if raw is None:
        return 300
    try:
        timeout = int(raw)
    except ValueError as exc:
        raise ValueError("ZOOPLA_CHALLENGE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS must be an integer") from exc
    if timeout < 1:
        raise ValueError("ZOOPLA_CHALLENGE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS must be greater than zero")
    return timeout


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Gluetun IP rotation
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# When Cloudflare Turnstile fires mid-scrape, the cheapest unblocker is to
# swap the egress IP via Gluetun's HTTP control server. We stop and re-start
# the VPN, poll until the public IP changes, drop the stale cf_clearance
# cookies (bound to the previous IP), then reload and re-check the challenge.


_GLUETUN_API_KEY = "My8AbvnKhfyFdRhpTVfoTfa5DkAMmg8K"


def _gluetun_base_url() -> str:
    return os.environ.get("GLUETUN_URL", "http://gluetun:8000").rstrip("/")


def _gluetun_api_key() -> str | None:
    return _GLUETUN_API_KEY


def _gluetun_max_rotations() -> int:
    raw = os.environ.get("GLUETUN_MAX_ROTATIONS", "3")
    try:
        value = int(raw)
    except ValueError as exc:
        raise ValueError("GLUETUN_MAX_ROTATIONS must be an integer") from exc
    return max(value, 0)


def _gluetun_client() -> httpx.Client:
    headers = {}
    api_key = _gluetun_api_key()
    if api_key:
        headers["X-API-Key"] = api_key
    return httpx.Client(headers=headers)


def _gluetun_public_ip(client: httpx.Client) -> str | None:
    try:
        resp = client.get(f"{_gluetun_base_url()}/v1/publicip/ip", timeout=5.0)
        if resp.status_code != 200:
            return None
        data = resp.json()
    except (httpx.HTTPError, ValueError):
        return None
    return data.get("public_ip") or data.get("ip")


def _gluetun_set_vpn_status(client: httpx.Client, status: str) -> bool:
    """PUT /v1/vpn/status with {'status': status}. Returns True on 2xx."""
    try:
        resp = client.put(
            f"{_gluetun_base_url()}/v1/vpn/status",
            json={"status": status},
            timeout=15.0,
        )
    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
        log.warning("Gluetun vpn/status %s failed: %s", status, exc)
        return False
    if resp.status_code == 401:
        log.warning(
            "Gluetun vpn/status %s: 401 Unauthorized — the API key must be "
            "authorised for 'PUT /v1/vpn/status' in Gluetun's auth config.toml",
            status,
        )
        return False
    if resp.status_code >= 400:
        log.warning(
            "Gluetun vpn/status %s returned HTTP %d: %s",
            status, resp.status_code, resp.text[:200],
        )
        return False
    return True


def _rotate_gluetun_ip(wait_seconds: int = 45) -> bool:
    """Restart Gluetun's VPN and wait for the public IP to change.

    Returns True if a new IP was observed within wait_seconds."""
    with _gluetun_client() as client:
        old_ip = _gluetun_public_ip(client)
        log.info("Requesting Gluetun IP rotation (current IP: %s)", old_ip or "unknown")

        stop_attempted = False
        restart_confirmed = False
        try:
            stop_attempted = True
            if not _gluetun_set_vpn_status(client, "stopped"):
                return False
            time.sleep(2)
            restart_confirmed = _gluetun_set_vpn_status(client, "running")
            if not restart_confirmed:
                return False

            deadline = time.monotonic() + wait_seconds
            while time.monotonic() < deadline:
                time.sleep(2)
                new_ip = _gluetun_public_ip(client)
                if new_ip and new_ip != old_ip:
                    log.info("Gluetun rotated IP: %s -> %s", old_ip or "?", new_ip)
                    return True
        finally:
            if stop_attempted and not restart_confirmed:
                log.warning(
                    "Gluetun VPN may be stopped after failed rotation; attempting recovery start"
                )
                if not _gluetun_set_vpn_status(client, "running"):
                    log.error(
                        "Gluetun VPN recovery start failed; manual intervention required"
                    )

    log.warning("Gluetun IP did not change within %ds", wait_seconds)
    return False


def _clear_cloudflare_cookies(page) -> None:
    """Drop cf_clearance / __cf_bm which are bound to the previous egress IP."""
    try:
        context = page.context
    except Exception:
        return
    for name in ("cf_clearance", "__cf_bm"):
        try:
            context.clear_cookies(name=name)
        except Exception as exc:
            log.debug("Could not clear cookie %s: %s", name, exc)


def _rotate_and_retry_challenge(page, max_rotations: int) -> bool:
    """Rotate IP and reload until the challenge clears. Returns True on success."""
    for attempt in range(1, max_rotations + 1):
        log.warning(
            "Cloudflare Turnstile challenge — rotating Gluetun IP (attempt %d/%d)",
            attempt, max_rotations,
        )
        if not _rotate_gluetun_ip():
            continue

        _clear_cloudflare_cookies(page)

        try:
            page.reload(wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=30000)
        except Exception as exc:
            log.warning("Reload after IP rotation failed: %s", exc)
            continue

        time.sleep(2)
        if not _is_turnstile_challenge(page):
            log.info("Cloudflare challenge cleared after Gluetun rotation")
            return True

    return False


def _is_turnstile_challenge(page) -> bool:
    try:
        if "just a moment" in page.title().lower():
            return True
    except Exception:
        pass

    try:
        return bool(
            page.query_selector(
                'iframe[src*="challenges.cloudflare.com"], '
                'input[name="cf-turnstile-response"]'
            )
        )
    except Exception:
        return False


def _wait_for_turnstile(page, headless_mode: bool | str) -> None:
    if not _is_turnstile_challenge(page):
        return

    # Try Gluetun IP rotation first — works in any mode and is the only option
    # in headless/unattended runs where no human can click the challenge.
    max_rotations = _gluetun_max_rotations()
    if max_rotations > 0 and _rotate_and_retry_challenge(page, max_rotations):
        return

    profile_dir = _zoopla_profile_dir()
    if headless_mode is True or headless_mode == "virtual":
        raise TurnstileError(
            "Cloudflare Turnstile persisted after "
            f"{max_rotations} Gluetun IP rotation(s). "
            "Run Zoopla from a desktop session with ZOOPLA_HEADLESS=0 "
            f"to solve manually; the session will be saved in {profile_dir}."
        )

    timeout = _challenge_timeout_seconds()
    log.warning(
        "Gluetun rotation insufficient — falling back to interactive solve. "
        "Complete the Cloudflare challenge in the Zoopla browser window; "
        "waiting up to %ds. Profile: %s",
        timeout,
        profile_dir,
    )
    try:
        page.bring_to_front()
    except Exception:
        pass

    deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
        time.sleep(3)
        if not _is_turnstile_challenge(page):
            log.info("Cloudflare challenge resolved")
            return

    raise TurnstileError(
        f"Cloudflare Turnstile was not completed after {timeout}s"
    )


def launch_browser():
    """Launch Camoufox, navigate to Zoopla homepage, pass Cloudflare Turnstile,
    and dismiss cookie consent. Returns (browser, page) tuple.

    Raises TurnstileError if Cloudflare cannot be completed.
    Caller must close browser when done."""
    from camoufox.pkgman import camoufox_path

    # Standalone local runs should not require the old container image to have
    # pre-fetched Camoufox.
    camoufox_path(download_if_missing=True)

    from camoufox.sync_api import Camoufox

    headless_mode = _zoopla_headless_mode()
    profile_dir = _zoopla_profile_dir()
    profile_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    _remove_stale_profile_locks(profile_dir)

    log.info(
        "Launching Camoufox browser for Zoopla (headless=%s, profile=%s)...",
        headless_mode,
        profile_dir,
    )
    camoufox = Camoufox(
        headless=headless_mode,
        persistent_context=True,
        user_data_dir=str(profile_dir),
        locale=["en-GB", "en"],
        enable_cache=True,
    )
    raw_browser = camoufox.__enter__()
    browser = _ManagedCamoufoxBrowser(camoufox, raw_browser)
    page = raw_browser.pages[0] if raw_browser.pages else raw_browser.new_page()

    try:
        log.info("Navigating to Zoopla homepage...")
        page.goto(f"{ZOOPLA_BASE}/", wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=60000)
        _wait_for_turnstile(page, headless_mode)

        log.info("Zoopla browser ready — title: %s", page.title())
        time.sleep(2)

        # Dismiss cookie consent
        page.evaluate(_DISMISS_COOKIES_JS)
        time.sleep(1)
    except Exception:
        try:
            page.close()
        finally:
            browser.close()
        raise

    return browser, page


def _ensure_not_challenged(page) -> None:
    """Check if current page is a Cloudflare challenge and wait/raise."""
    _wait_for_turnstile(page, _zoopla_headless_mode())


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Search navigation
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def _wait_for_listing_content(page) -> None:
    """Wait for rendered listing cards to contain usable text."""
    try:
        page.wait_for_function(
            """() => {
                const cards = document.querySelectorAll(
                    '[data-testid="regular-listings"] > div'
                );
                if (cards.length === 0) return false;
                for (const card of cards) {
                    const t = card.innerText || '';
                    if (t.includes('\\u00a3') && t.length > 50) return true;
                }
                return false;
            }""",
            timeout=8000,
        )
    except Exception:
        time.sleep(1.5)


def _navigate_search(page, outcode: str) -> bool:
    """Navigate directly to sale search results for an outcode.

    Returns True if results were found, False if no results or navigation failed.
    Raises TurnstileError if Cloudflare blocks us."""
    url = (
        f"{ZOOPLA_BASE}/for-sale/property/{outcode.lower()}/"
        f"?q={outcode}&search_source=home"
    )
    try:
        page.goto(url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=30000)
    except Exception as exc:
        detail = _exception_detail(exc)
        log.warning("Zoopla direct navigation failed for %s: %s", outcode, detail)
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Zoopla direct navigation failed for {outcode}: {detail}"
        ) from exc

    _ensure_not_challenged(page)

    # Dismiss cookie consent (may reappear after navigation)
    try:
        page.evaluate(_DISMISS_COOKIES_JS)
    except Exception:
        pass

    try:
        page.wait_for_selector(
            '[data-testid="regular-listings"], a[href*="/for-sale/details/"], a[href*="/new-homes/details/"]',
            timeout=10000,
        )
    except Exception:
        if not page.query_selector('a[href*="/details/"]'):
            return False

    _wait_for_listing_content(page)

    return True


def _get_result_count(page) -> int:
    """Extract the total results count from the page.

    Tries __ZAD_TARGETING__ JSON first (most reliable), then body text regex
    matching both "N results" and "N properties" patterns."""
    try:
        # Try the ZAD targeting JSON script tag first
        count = page.evaluate("""() => {
            const s = document.querySelector('#__ZAD_TARGETING__');
            if (s) {
                try {
                    const d = JSON.parse(s.textContent);
                    if (d.search_results_count != null) return d.search_results_count;
                } catch(e) {}
            }
            return null;
        }""")
        if count is not None and count > 0:
            return count
    except Exception:
        pass

    try:
        body = page.inner_text("body")
        match = re.search(r"([\d,]+)\s+(?:results?|properties)", body)
        if match:
            return int(match.group(1).replace(",", ""))
    except Exception:
        pass
    return 0


def _url_with_page(url: str, page_num: int) -> str:
    parsed = urlparse(url)
    query = [(key, value) for key, value in parse_qsl(parsed.query) if key != "pn"]
    query.append(("pn", str(page_num)))
    return urlunparse(parsed._replace(query=urlencode(query)))


def _find_next_page_url(page) -> str | None:
    """Return the rendered pagination next URL, if Zoopla exposes one."""
    try:
        href = page.evaluate(
            """() => {
                const links = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('a[href]'));
                const next = links.find((link) => {
                    const text = (link.innerText || link.textContent || '')
                        .trim()
                        .toLowerCase();
                    const label = (link.getAttribute('aria-label') || '').toLowerCase();
                    const rel = (link.getAttribute('rel') || '').toLowerCase();
                    return rel.includes('next')
                        || label.includes('next')
                        || text === 'next'
                        || text === 'next page';
                });
                if (!next) return null;
                const href = next.href || '';
                if (!href.includes('/for-sale/') && !href.includes('/new-homes/')) {
                    return null;
                }
                return href;
            }"""
        )
    except Exception as exc:
        detail = _exception_detail(exc)
        log.warning("Zoopla next-page detection failed: %s", detail)
        raise RuntimeError(f"Zoopla next-page detection failed: {detail}") from exc
    if not href:
        return None
    return urljoin(ZOOPLA_BASE, href)


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Extraction and pagination
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


_first_extraction_logged = False


def _extract_listings(page) -> list[dict]:
    """Extract listing data from the current search results page DOM."""
    global _first_extraction_logged
    try:
        listings = page.evaluate(_EXTRACT_LISTINGS_JS)

        # Log diagnostic info on the very first extraction attempt
        if not _first_extraction_logged:
            _first_extraction_logged = True
            try:
                diag = page.evaluate("""() => {
                    const details = document.querySelectorAll('a[href*="/details/"]');
                    const testids = document.querySelectorAll('[data-testid]');
                    const testidNames = [...new Set([...testids].map(e => e.dataset.testid))];
                    return {
                        url: location.href,
                        title: document.title,
                        detailLinks: details.length,
                        testids: testidNames.slice(0, 30),
                        bodySnippet: document.body?.innerText?.slice(0, 500) || '',
                    };
                }""")
                log.info(
                    "Zoopla first-page diagnostic: url=%s title=%s detailLinks=%d "
                    "testids=%s bodySnippet=%.200s",
                    diag.get("url"), diag.get("title"), diag.get("detailLinks", 0),
                    diag.get("testids", []), diag.get("bodySnippet", ""),
                )
            except Exception:
                pass
            log.info("Zoopla first extraction: %d listings found", len(listings))

        return listings
    except Exception as e:
        detail = _exception_detail(e)
        log.warning("Failed to extract listings from DOM: %s", detail)
        raise RuntimeError(f"Zoopla DOM extraction failed: {detail}") from e


def _paginate(
    page,
    total_results: int,
    max_properties: int | None = None,
) -> list[dict]:
    """Extract listings from all pages of search results.

    Page 1 is already loaded. For subsequent pages, follow Zoopla's rendered
    next link when present, otherwise advance via the pn=N URL parameter while
    the advertised result count says more listings remain."""
    all_listings = _extract_listings(page)
    if max_properties is not None and len(all_listings) >= max_properties:
        return all_listings[:max_properties]

    if not all_listings:
        return all_listings

    seen_ids = {listing["id"] for listing in all_listings}
    page_num = 2

    while True:
        next_url = _find_next_page_url(page)
        if not next_url:
            if total_results > 0 and len(all_listings) >= total_results:
                break
            next_url = _url_with_page(page.url, page_num)

        time.sleep(DELAY_BETWEEN_PAGES)

        try:
            page.goto(next_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=30000)
            _ensure_not_challenged(page)
            _wait_for_listing_content(page)
        except TurnstileError:
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            detail = _exception_detail(e)
            log.warning(
                "Zoopla pagination navigation failed at page %d: %s",
                page_num,
                detail,
            )
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Zoopla pagination navigation failed at page {page_num}: {detail}"
            ) from e

        page_listings = _extract_listings(page)
        if not page_listings:
            if total_results > len(all_listings):
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "Zoopla pagination stopped with no listings on page "
                    f"{page_num}; collected {len(all_listings)} of "
                    f"{total_results} advertised results"
                )
            break

        # Deduplicate within this outcode
        new_count = 0
        for listing in page_listings:
            if listing["id"] not in seen_ids:
                seen_ids.add(listing["id"])
                all_listings.append(listing)
                new_count += 1
                if max_properties is not None and len(all_listings) >= max_properties:
                    return all_listings[:max_properties]

        if new_count == 0:
            if total_results > len(all_listings):
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "Zoopla pagination repeated results on page "
                    f"{page_num}; collected {len(all_listings)} of "
                    f"{total_results} advertised results"
                )
            break

        page_num += 1

        if total_results > 0 and len(all_listings) >= total_results:
            if not _find_next_page_url(page):
                break

    return all_listings


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Property transformation
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


# Cached outcode → (postcode, lat, lng) lookups to avoid repeated O(n) scans
# over 2.26M postcodes. Populated lazily on first lookup per outcode.
_outcode_coords_cache: dict[str, tuple[str, float, float] | None] = {}


def _resolve_outcode_coords(
    outcode: str, pc_coords: dict[str, tuple[float, float]]
) -> tuple[str, float, float] | None:
    """Find first postcode + coords for an outcode. Result is cached."""
    if outcode in _outcode_coords_cache:
        return _outcode_coords_cache[outcode]

    prefix = outcode + " "
    for pcd, (lat, lng) in pc_coords.items():
        if pcd.startswith(prefix) or (
            len(outcode) >= 4
            and pcd.startswith(outcode)
            and len(pcd) > len(outcode)
        ):
            _outcode_coords_cache[outcode] = (pcd, lat, lng)
            return (pcd, lat, lng)

    _outcode_coords_cache[outcode] = None
    return None


def _extract_outcode(text: str) -> str | None:
    """Extract a UK outcode from address text like 'Whitechapel Road, London E1'."""
    # Look for outcode at end of string or after last comma
    match = re.search(r"\b([A-Z]{1,2}\d[A-Z0-9]?)\s*$", text.strip(), re.IGNORECASE)
    if match:
        return match.group(1).upper()
    # Try after comma
    parts = text.split(",")
    if len(parts) > 1:
        last = parts[-1].strip()
        match = re.match(r"^([A-Z]{1,2}\d[A-Z0-9]?)$", last, re.IGNORECASE)
        if match:
            return match.group(1).upper()
    return None


def _map_property_type(raw_type: str | None) -> str:
    """Map Zoopla property type text to canonical type."""
    if not raw_type:
        return "Other"
    # Exact match (handles Rightmove-style capitalised values)
    canonical = PROPERTY_TYPE_MAP.get(raw_type)
    if canonical:
        return canonical
    # Title-case match (handles regex-extracted lowercase like "town house" → "Town House")
    canonical = PROPERTY_TYPE_MAP.get(raw_type.title())
    if canonical:
        return canonical
    # Lowercase match (e.g., "Townhouse" → "townhouse")
    canonical = PROPERTY_TYPE_MAP.get(raw_type.lower())
    if canonical:
        return canonical
    # Normalize delimiters (underscores/hyphens → spaces) and try again
    normalized = re.sub(r"[-_]+", " ", raw_type).strip().title()
    canonical = PROPERTY_TYPE_MAP.get(normalized)
    if canonical:
        return canonical
    # Keyword fallback
    lower = raw_type.lower()
    excluded_flat_like = (
        "block of apartment",
        "house of multiple occupation",
        "private halls",
        "retirement",
        "serviced apartment",
    )
    if any(term in lower for term in excluded_flat_like):
        return "Other"
    if (
        "flat" in lower
        or "apartment" in lower
        or "maisonette" in lower
        or "studio" in lower
        or "penthouse" in lower
    ):
        return "Flats/Maisonettes"
    if "semi" in lower and "detach" in lower:
        return "Semi-Detached"
    if "detach" in lower:
        return "Detached"
    if "terrace" in lower or "mews" in lower:
        return "Terraced"
    if "house" in lower:
        return "Detached"
    return "Other"


def transform_property(
    raw: dict,
    pc_index: PostcodeSpatialIndex,
    pc_coords: dict[str, tuple[float, float]],
    search_outcode: str | None = None,
) -> dict | None:
    """Transform a raw Zoopla listing dict into the standard output schema.

    Zoopla search cards do not include coordinates, so we resolve lat/lng
    from postcodes extracted from the address text."""
    price = parse_int_value(raw.get("price")) or 0

    address = raw.get("address", "") or ""

    # Resolve postcode and coordinates from address
    extracted_postcode = extract_full_postcode(address)
    postcode = extracted_postcode
    postcode_source = "address" if extracted_postcode else None
    lat = lng = None

    if postcode:
        coords = pc_coords.get(postcode)
        if coords:
            lat, lng = coords

    if lat is None:
        # Try outcode-level fallback from address text
        addr_outcode = _extract_outcode(address)
        if addr_outcode:
            result = _resolve_outcode_coords(addr_outcode, pc_coords)
            if result:
                postcode, lat, lng = result
                postcode_source = "address_outcode"

    # Final fallback: use the outcode we know we're searching
    if lat is None and search_outcode:
        result = _resolve_outcode_coords(search_outcode, pc_coords)
        if result:
            postcode, lat, lng = result
            postcode_source = "search_outcode"

    if lat is None or lng is None or not postcode:
        return None

    # Validate coordinates are in England
    if not (49 <= lat <= 56 and -7 <= lng <= 2):
        return None

    raw_beds = parse_int_value(raw.get("beds")) or 0
    raw_baths = parse_int_value(raw.get("baths")) or 0
    bedrooms = raw_beds if 0 <= raw_beds <= MAX_BEDROOMS else 0
    bathrooms = raw_baths if 0 <= raw_baths <= MAX_BEDROOMS else 0
    if raw_beds > MAX_BEDROOMS or raw_baths > MAX_BEDROOMS:
        log.warning(
            "Zoopla %s: implausible beds=%d baths=%d (capped to 0)",
            raw.get("id", "?"), raw_beds, raw_baths,
        )
    receptions = raw.get("receptions") or 0

    # Floor area: convert sq ft to sq m
    floor_area_sqm = None
    raw_sqm = raw.get("floor_area_sqm")
    if raw_sqm:
        floor_area_sqm = validate_floor_area(round(float(raw_sqm), 1))
    else:
        sqft = raw.get("floor_area_sqft")
        if sqft:
            floor_area_sqm = validate_floor_area(round(float(sqft) * 0.092903, 1))

    listing_id = raw.get("id", "")
    listing_url = raw.get("url", "")
    if listing_url and not listing_url.startswith("http"):
        listing_url = ZOOPLA_BASE + listing_url

    return {
        "id": f"zp_{listing_id}",
        "Bedrooms": bedrooms,
        "Bathrooms": bathrooms,
        "Number of bedrooms & living rooms": bedrooms + receptions,
        "lon": lng,
        "lat": lat,
        "Postcode": postcode,
        "Postcode source": postcode_source or "unknown",
        "Extracted postcode": extracted_postcode,
        "Inferred postcode": postcode if postcode_source != "address" else None,
        "Listing raw address": address,
        "Address per Property Register": clean_listing_address(address),
        "Leasehold/Freehold": raw.get("tenure") or None,
        "Property type": _map_property_type(raw.get("property_type")),
        "Property sub-type": normalize_sub_type(raw.get("property_type")),
        "price": price,
        "price_frequency": "",
        "Price qualifier": "",
        "Total floor area (sqm)": floor_area_sqm,
        "Listing URL": listing_url,
        "Listing features": [],
        "first_visible_date": "",
    }


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Top-level search function (called by scraper.py)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def search_outcode(
    page,
    outcode: str,
    pc_index: PostcodeSpatialIndex,
    pc_coords: dict[str, tuple[float, float]],
    max_properties: int | None = None,
) -> tuple[list[dict], str | None]:
    """Search Zoopla for properties in one outcode.

    Takes a live Camoufox Page (from launch_browser). Navigates through the
    search flow, extracts listings from rendered DOM, and transforms to the
    standard output schema.

    Returns (properties, search_url).

    Raises TurnstileError if Cloudflare blocks us mid-session.
    """
    if not _navigate_search(page, outcode):
        return [], None

    total_results = _get_result_count(page)

    # Always try extraction even if result count is 0 — the count regex may
    # not match Zoopla's current text format, but listings may still be in DOM
    raw_listings = _paginate(
        page,
        total_results,
        max_properties=max_properties,
    )
    if not raw_listings:
        if total_results > 0:
            log.debug(
                "Zoopla %s %s: page claims %d results but extraction found 0 — "
                "DOM selectors may need updating",
                outcode, "BUY", total_results,
            )
        return [], None

    properties = []
    dropped = 0
    for raw in raw_listings:
        try:
            transformed = transform_property(
                raw, pc_index, pc_coords, search_outcode=outcode
            )
        except Exception as exc:
            log.warning(
                "Zoopla %s property %s failed to transform: %s",
                outcode,
                raw.get("id", "?"),
                exc,
            )
            transformed = None
        if transformed:
            properties.append(transformed)
        else:
            dropped += 1

    if dropped and not properties:
        # Log a sample raw listing to diagnose which fields are missing
        sample = raw_listings[0] if raw_listings else {}
        log.debug(
            "Zoopla %s %s: extracted %d raw listings but all %d dropped in transform "
            "(no postcode/coords). Sample raw: price=%s address=%r",
            outcode, "BUY", len(raw_listings), dropped,
            sample.get("price"), sample.get("address", ""),
        )
    elif dropped > len(raw_listings) // 2:
        log.debug(
            "Zoopla %s %s: %d/%d listings dropped in transform",
            outcode, "BUY", dropped, len(raw_listings),
        )

    return properties, page.url