Even more improvements

Dockerfile

@@ -46,5 +46,5 @@ HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=15s --retries=3 \
   CMD node -e "require('http').get('http://localhost:3000/state',r=>process.exit(r.statusCode===200?0:1)).on('error',()=>process.exit(1))"
 
 ENTRYPOINT ["node", "dist/main.js"]
-# Override these to tune the server, e.g. `--name`, `--playerLimit`, `--worldSize`.
+# Override these to tune the server, e.g. `--name`, `--playerLimit`, `--scoreLimit`.
 CMD ["--port", "3000"]

backend/src/create-world.ts

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import { PhysicalContainer } from './physics/containers/physical-container';
 import { evaluateSdf } from './physics/functions/evaluate-sdf';
 import { Physical } from './physics/physicals/physical';
 
-export const createWorld = (objectContainer: PhysicalContainer, worldRadius: number) => {
+export const createWorld = (objectContainer: PhysicalContainer) => {
   const objects: Array<Physical> = [];
   const lights: Array<Physical> = [];
 
-  for (let r = 0; r < worldRadius; r += settings.radiusSteps) {
+  for (let r = 0; r < settings.worldRadius; r += settings.radiusSteps) {
     const circumference = 2 * Math.PI * r;
     const stepCount = circumference * settings.objectsOnCircleLength;
     for (let rad = 0; rad < 2 * Math.PI; rad += (2 * Math.PI) / stepCount) {
@@ -67,8 +67,29 @@ export const createWorld = (objectContainer: PhysicalContainer, worldRadius: num
       }
     }
   }
-  console.info('Generated planet count', objects.length);
-  console.info('Generated light count', lights.length);
+  console.info(`Generated ${objects.length} planets`);
+  console.info(`Generated ${lights.length} light`);
+
+  // Associate each lamp with its NEAREST planet, so a planet can repaint "its"
+  // lamps to the owning team's colour when it flips. Lamps are already placed by
+  // proximity during world-gen, so the nearest planet is the one whose capture
+  // they should advertise. Distances use the planet SDF (negative inside), which
+  // is exactly the "closest planet" metric we want.
+  const planets = objects.filter((o): o is PlanetPhysical => o instanceof PlanetPhysical);
+  lights
+    .filter((l): l is LampPhysical => l instanceof LampPhysical)
+    .forEach((lamp) => {
+      let nearest: PlanetPhysical | undefined;
+      let nearestDistance = Infinity;
+      planets.forEach((planet) => {
+        const distance = planet.distance(lamp.center);
+        if (distance < nearestDistance) {
+          nearestDistance = distance;
+          nearest = planet;
+        }
+      });
+      nearest?.addLamp(lamp);
+    });
 
   [...objects, ...lights].forEach((o) => objectContainer.addObject(o));
 };

backend/src/default-options.ts

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ export const defaultOptions: Options = {
   port: 3000,
   name: 'Test server',
   playerLimit: 16,
-  npcCount: 16,
+  npcCount: 8,
   seed: Math.random(),
-  scoreLimit: 1000,
-  worldSize: 8000,
+  scoreLimit: 2500,
 };

backend/src/game-server.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   Command,
   CommandReceiver,
   CommandExecutors,
+  ServerAnnouncement,
 } from 'shared';
 import { createWorld } from './create-world';
 import { DeltaTimeCalculator } from './helper/delta-time-calculator';
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ export class GameServer extends CommandReceiver {
 
   private declaPoints = 0;
   private redPoints = 0;
+  private matchPointAnnounced: Partial<Record<CharacterTeam, boolean>> = {};
 
   private isInEndGame = false;
   private timeScaling = 1;
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ export class GameServer extends CommandReceiver {
   private initialize() {
     const previousPlayers = this.players;
     this.objects = new PhysicalContainer();
-    createWorld(this.objects, this.options.worldSize);
+    createWorld(this.objects);
     this.objects.initialize();
     this.players = new PlayerContainer(
       this.objects,
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ export class GameServer extends CommandReceiver {
     this.deltaTimes = [];
     this.declaPoints = 0;
     this.redPoints = 0;
+    this.matchPointAnnounced = {};
     this.isInEndGame = false;
     this.timeScaling = 1;
     previousPlayers?.queueCommandForEachClient(new GameStartCommand());
@@ -126,6 +129,23 @@ export class GameServer extends CommandReceiver {
       this.endGame(CharacterTeam.decla);
     } else if (this.redPoints >= this.options.scoreLimit) {
       this.endGame(CharacterTeam.red);
+    } else {
+      this.announceMatchPointOnce(CharacterTeam.decla, this.declaPoints);
+      this.announceMatchPointOnce(CharacterTeam.red, this.redPoints);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private announceMatchPointOnce(team: CharacterTeam, points: number) {
+    if (
+      !this.matchPointAnnounced[team] &&
+      points >= this.options.scoreLimit * settings.matchPointScoreRatio
+    ) {
+      this.matchPointAnnounced[team] = true;
+      this.players.queueCommandForEachClient(
+        new ServerAnnouncement(
+          `Match point — team <span class="${team}">${team}</span>!`,
+        ),
+      );
     }
   }
 

backend/src/objects/character-physical.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import {
   UpdatePropertyCommand,
   CommandExecutors,
   CommandReceiver,
+  mix,
+  clamp01,
 } from 'shared';
 import { DynamicPhysical } from '../physics/physicals/dynamic-physical';
 import { CirclePhysical } from './circle-physical';
@@ -35,8 +37,10 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
   private static readonly feetRadius = 20;
   private projectileStrength = settings.playerMaxStrength;
 
-  // offsets are measured from (0, 0)
-  private static readonly desiredHeadOffset = vec2.fromValues(0, 65);
+  // offsets are measured from (0, 0). The head sits this far above the feet,
+  // which sets the leg length: kept short so the body reads as a compact head on
+  // stubby legs rather than a long-legged strider.
+  private static readonly desiredHeadOffset = vec2.fromValues(0, 55);
   private static readonly desiredLeftFootOffset = vec2.fromValues(-20, 0);
   private static readonly desiredRightFootOffset = vec2.fromValues(20, 0);
   private static readonly centerOfMass = vec2.scale(
@@ -76,15 +80,21 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
   private isDestroyed = false;
   private timeSinceBorn = 0;
   private hasJustBorn = true;
+  private timeAlive = 0;
+
+  private timeSinceLastShot = settings.projectileCreationInterval;
+  private timeSinceLastDamage = settings.playerOutOfCombatDelaySeconds;
+  private lastSyncedHealth = settings.playerMaxHealth;
+
+  private killStreak = 0;
 
   private direction = 0;
   private currentPlanet?: PlanetPhysical;
-  private secondsSinceOnSurface = 1000;
+  private secondsSinceOnSurface = settings.planetDetachmentSeconds;
 
   public head: CirclePhysical;
   public leftFoot: CirclePhysical;
   public rightFoot: CirclePhysical;
-  public bound: CirclePhysical;
 
   private movementActions: Array<MoveActionCommand> = [];
   private lastMovementAction: MoveActionCommand = new MoveActionCommand(vec2.create());
@@ -128,12 +138,12 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
     container.addObject(this.head);
     container.addObject(this.leftFoot);
     container.addObject(this.rightFoot);
+  }
 
-    this.bound = new CirclePhysical(
-      vec2.create(),
-      CharacterPhysical.boundRadius,
-      this,
-      container,
+  private get isSpawnProtected(): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.timeAlive <
+      settings.spawnDespawnTime + settings.spawnInvulnerabilityExtraSeconds
     );
   }
 
@@ -156,9 +166,33 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
     this.movementActions.push(c);
   }
 
-  public addKill() {
+  public get groundPlanet(): PlanetPhysical | undefined {
+    return this.currentPlanet;
+  }
+
+  public addKill(victimName: string) {
     this.killCount++;
+    this.killStreak++;
     this.remoteCall('setKillCount', this.killCount);
+
+    this.health = Math.min(
+      settings.playerMaxHealth,
+      this.health + settings.playerKillHealthReward,
+    );
+    this.syncHealth();
+    this.remoteCall('onKillConfirmed', victimName, this.killStreak);
+  }
+
+  public registerHit() {
+    this.remoteCall('onHitConfirmed');
+  }
+
+  private syncHealth() {
+    const rounded = Math.round(this.health);
+    if (rounded !== this.lastSyncedHealth) {
+      this.lastSyncedHealth = rounded;
+      this.remoteCall('setHealth', this.health);
+    }
   }
 
   public onCollision({ other }: ReactToCollisionCommand) {
@@ -168,28 +202,54 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
       other.isAlive
     ) {
       other.destroy();
-      this.health -= other.strength;
-      this.remoteCall('setHealth', this.health);
-      if (this.health <= 0 && this.isAlive) {
-        this.onDie();
-        other.originator.addKill();
-      }
-    }
-  }
 
-  public shootTowards(position: vec2) {
-    if (!this.isAlive) {
+      if (this.isSpawnProtected) {
         return;
       }
 
+      this.timeSinceLastDamage = 0;
+      this.health -= other.strength;
+      this.lastSyncedHealth = Math.round(this.health);
+      this.remoteCall('setHealth', this.health);
+
+      if (this.health <= 0 && this.isAlive) {
+        this.onDie();
+        other.originator.addKill(this.name);
+      } else {
+        other.originator.registerHit();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public shootTowards(position: vec2, charge = 0) {
+    if (
+      !this.isAlive ||
+      this.timeSinceLastShot < settings.projectileCreationInterval ||
+      this.projectileStrength < settings.chargeShotStrengthMin
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.timeSinceLastShot = 0;
+
+    const c = clamp01(charge);
+    const desiredStrength = mix(
+      settings.chargeShotStrengthMin,
+      settings.chargeShotStrengthMax,
+      c,
+    );
+    const strength = Math.min(desiredStrength, this.projectileStrength);
+    this.projectileStrength -= strength;
+
+    const radius = mix(settings.chargeShotRadiusMin, settings.chargeShotRadiusMax, c);
+    const speed = mix(settings.chargeShotSpeedMin, settings.chargeShotSpeedMax, c);
+
     const direction = vec2.subtract(vec2.create(), position, this.center);
     vec2.normalize(direction, direction);
-    const velocity = vec2.scale(direction, direction, settings.projectileSpeed);
-    const strength = this.projectileStrength / 2;
-    this.projectileStrength -= strength;
+    const velocity = vec2.scale(direction, direction, speed);
     const projectile = new ProjectilePhysical(
       vec2.clone(this.center),
-      20,
+      radius,
       strength,
       this.team,
       velocity,
@@ -202,8 +262,7 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
   }
 
   public get boundingBox(): BoundingBoxBase {
-    this.bound.center = this.head.center;
-    return this.bound.boundingBox;
+    return getBoundingBoxOfCircle(new Circle(this.center, CharacterPhysical.boundRadius));
   }
 
   public get gameObject(): this {
@@ -257,6 +316,11 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
       new UpdatePropertyCommand('head', this.head, this.headVelocity),
       new UpdatePropertyCommand('leftFoot', this.leftFoot, this.leftFootVelocity),
       new UpdatePropertyCommand('rightFoot', this.rightFoot, this.rightFootVelocity),
+      new UpdatePropertyCommand(
+        'strength',
+        this.projectileStrength,
+        settings.playerStrengthRegenerationPerSeconds,
+      ),
     ]);
   }
 
@@ -298,6 +362,7 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
 
   private step({ deltaTimeInSeconds, game }: StepCommand) {
     this.getPoints(game);
+    this.timeAlive += deltaTimeInSeconds;
     const oldHead = new Circle(vec2.clone(this.head.center), this.head.radius);
     const oldLeftFoot = new Circle(
       vec2.clone(this.leftFoot.center),
@@ -328,16 +393,23 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
       return;
     }
 
-    if ((this.secondsSinceOnSurface += deltaTimeInSeconds) > 0.5) {
+    if (
+      (this.secondsSinceOnSurface += deltaTimeInSeconds) >
+      settings.planetDetachmentSeconds
+    ) {
       this.currentPlanet = undefined;
     }
 
+    this.timeSinceLastShot += deltaTimeInSeconds;
+
     this.projectileStrength = Math.min(
       settings.playerMaxStrength,
       this.projectileStrength +
       settings.playerStrengthRegenerationPerSeconds * deltaTimeInSeconds,
     );
 
+    this.regenerateHealth(deltaTimeInSeconds);
+
     this.currentPlanet?.takeControl(this.team, deltaTimeInSeconds);
 
     const intersectingWithForceField = this.container.findIntersecting(
@@ -351,8 +423,8 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
 
     const direction = this.averageAndResetMovementActions();
     const movementForce = vec2.scale(direction, direction, settings.maxAcceleration);
-    this.applyForce(this.leftFoot, movementForce, deltaTimeInSeconds);
-    this.applyForce(this.rightFoot, movementForce, deltaTimeInSeconds);
+    this.leftFoot.applyForce(movementForce, deltaTimeInSeconds);
+    this.rightFoot.applyForce(movementForce, deltaTimeInSeconds);
 
     if (!this.currentPlanet) {
       const leftFootGravity = forceAtPosition(
@@ -364,8 +436,8 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
         intersectingWithForceField,
       );
 
-      this.applyForce(this.leftFoot, leftFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
-      this.applyForce(this.rightFoot, rightFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
+      this.leftFoot.applyForce(leftFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
+      this.rightFoot.applyForce(rightFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
 
       const sumForce = vec2.subtract(vec2.create(), leftFootGravity, movementForce);
 
@@ -377,8 +449,11 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
       vec2.add(leftFootGravity, leftFootGravity, rightFootGravity);
       const gravity = vec2.scale(leftFootGravity, leftFootGravity, 0.5);
 
-      if (vec2.dot(movementForce, gravity) < -vec2.length(movementForce) * 0.8) {
-        vec2.scale(gravity, gravity, 0.35);
+      if (
+        vec2.dot(movementForce, gravity) <
+        -vec2.length(movementForce) * settings.climbDotThreshold
+      ) {
+        vec2.scale(gravity, gravity, settings.climbGravityScale);
       }
 
       const scaledLeftFootGravity = vec2.scale(
@@ -386,7 +461,7 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
         this.leftFoot.lastNormal,
         vec2.dot(this.leftFoot.lastNormal, gravity),
       );
-      this.applyForce(this.leftFoot, scaledLeftFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
+      this.leftFoot.applyForce(scaledLeftFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
 
       const scaledRightFootGravity = vec2.scale(
         vec2.create(),
@@ -394,15 +469,15 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
         vec2.dot(this.rightFoot.lastNormal, gravity),
       );
 
-      this.applyForce(this.rightFoot, scaledRightFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
+      this.rightFoot.applyForce(scaledRightFootGravity, deltaTimeInSeconds);
 
-      if (vec2.length(gravity) <= 100) {
+      if (vec2.length(gravity) <= settings.planetDetachmentForceThreshold) {
         this.currentPlanet = undefined;
       }
       this.setDirection(gravity);
     }
 
-    this.keepPosture(deltaTimeInSeconds);
+    this.keepPosture();
     this.stepBodyPart(this.leftFoot, deltaTimeInSeconds);
     this.stepBodyPart(this.rightFoot, deltaTimeInSeconds);
     this.stepBodyPart(this.head, deltaTimeInSeconds);
@@ -418,56 +493,57 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
     );
   }
 
-  private keepPosture(deltaTime: number) {
+  private keepPosture() {
     const center = this.center;
     this.springMove(
       this.leftFoot,
       center,
       CharacterPhysical.leftFootOffset,
-      deltaTime,
-      3000,
+      settings.postureFeetStiffness,
     );
     this.springMove(
       this.rightFoot,
       center,
       CharacterPhysical.rightFootOffset,
-      deltaTime,
-      3000,
+      settings.postureFeetStiffness,
     );
 
-    this.springMove(this.head, center, CharacterPhysical.headOffset, deltaTime, 7000);
+    this.springMove(
+      this.head,
+      center,
+      CharacterPhysical.headOffset,
+      settings.postureHeadStiffness,
+    );
   }
 
   private springMove(
     object: CirclePhysical,
     center: vec2,
     offset: vec2,
-    deltaTime: number,
-    strength: number,
+    stiffness: number,
   ) {
     const desiredPosition = vec2.add(vec2.create(), center, offset);
     vec2.rotate(desiredPosition, desiredPosition, center, this.direction);
     const positionDelta = vec2.subtract(vec2.create(), desiredPosition, object.center);
 
-    const positionDeltaLength = vec2.length(positionDelta);
-
-    if (positionDeltaLength > 0) {
-      const positionDeltaDirection = vec2.normalize(vec2.create(), positionDelta);
-      vec2.scale(
-        positionDelta,
-        positionDeltaDirection,
-        positionDeltaLength ** 2 * deltaTime * strength,
-      );
-
-      if (vec2.length(positionDelta) * deltaTime * deltaTime > positionDeltaLength) {
-        vec2.scale(
-          positionDelta,
-          positionDelta,
-          positionDeltaLength / (vec2.length(positionDelta) * deltaTime * deltaTime),
-        );
+    // First-order velocity relaxation toward the desired posture position,
+    // added to (not replacing) the gravity/movement velocity accumulated
+    // earlier this tick. stepManually applies it over deltaTime, so the
+    // per-tick displacement is positionDelta * stiffness * deltaTime.
+    vec2.scaleAndAdd(object.velocity, object.velocity, positionDelta, stiffness);
   }
 
-      object.applyForce(positionDelta, deltaTime);
+  private regenerateHealth(deltaTimeInSeconds: number) {
+    this.timeSinceLastDamage += deltaTimeInSeconds;
+    if (
+      this.timeSinceLastDamage > settings.playerOutOfCombatDelaySeconds &&
+      this.health < settings.playerMaxHealth
+    ) {
+      this.health = Math.min(
+        settings.playerMaxHealth,
+        this.health + settings.playerHealthRegenerationPerSeconds * deltaTimeInSeconds,
+      );
+      this.syncHealth();
     }
   }
 
@@ -479,14 +555,6 @@ export class CharacterPhysical extends CharacterBase implements DynamicPhysical
     }
   }
 
-  public applyForce(circle: CirclePhysical, force: vec2, timeInSeconds: number) {
-    vec2.add(
-      circle.velocity,
-      circle.velocity,
-      vec2.scale(vec2.create(), force, timeInSeconds),
-    );
-  }
-
   public onDie() {
     this.isDestroyed = true;
     this.remoteCall('onDie');

backend/src/objects/lamp-physical.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ export class LampPhysical extends LampBase implements StaticPhysical {
     return this;
   }
 
+  public queueSetLight(color: vec3, lightness: number) {
+    this.remoteCall('setLight', color, lightness);
+  }
+
   public distance(target: vec2): number {
     return vec2.distance(this.center, target);
   }

backend/src/objects/planet-physical.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   clamp,
   clamp01,
   id,
+  mix,
   serializesTo,
   settings,
   PlanetBase,
@@ -18,20 +19,38 @@ import { StepCommand } from '../commands/step';
 
 import { ImmutableBoundingBox } from '../physics/bounding-boxes/immutable-bounding-box';
 import { StaticPhysical } from '../physics/physicals/static-physical';
+import { LampPhysical } from './lamp-physical';
 
 @serializesTo(PlanetBase)
 export class PlanetPhysical extends PlanetBase implements StaticPhysical {
   public readonly canCollide = true;
   public readonly canMove = false;
 
+  public readonly sizePointMultiplier: number;
+
   private _boundingBox?: ImmutableBoundingBox;
 
+  private readonly lamps: Array<LampPhysical> = [];
+
+  private lastTeam: CharacterTeam = CharacterTeam.neutral;
+
   protected commandExecutors: CommandExecutors = {
     [StepCommand.type]: this.step.bind(this),
   };
 
+  public addLamp(lamp: LampPhysical) {
+    this.lamps.push(lamp);
+  }
+
   constructor(vertices: Array<vec2>) {
     super(id(), vertices);
+
+    const sizeClass = clamp01(
+      (this.radius - settings.planetMinReferenceRadius) /
+      (settings.planetMaxReferenceRadius - settings.planetMinReferenceRadius),
+    );
+
+    this.sizePointMultiplier = mix(1, settings.planetSizePointMultiplierMax, sizeClass);
   }
 
   public distance(target: vec2): number {
@@ -80,14 +99,14 @@ export class PlanetPhysical extends PlanetBase implements StaticPhysical {
   private getPoints(game: CommandReceiver) {
     if (this.timeSinceLastPointGeneration > settings.planetPointGenerationInterval) {
       this.timeSinceLastPointGeneration = 0;
-      if (this.team !== CharacterTeam.neutral) {
-        this.remoteCall('generatedPoints', settings.planetPointGenerationValue);
-      }
 
+      const value = Math.round(
+        settings.planetPointGenerationValue * this.sizePointMultiplier,
+      );
       game.handleCommand(
         new GeneratePointsCommand(
-          this.team === CharacterTeam.decla ? settings.planetPointGenerationValue : 0,
-          this.team === CharacterTeam.red ? settings.planetPointGenerationValue : 0,
+          this.team === CharacterTeam.decla ? value : 0,
+          this.team === CharacterTeam.red ? value : 0,
         ),
       );
     }
@@ -95,9 +114,40 @@ export class PlanetPhysical extends PlanetBase implements StaticPhysical {
 
   private step({ deltaTimeInSeconds, game }: StepCommand) {
     this.timeSinceLastPointGeneration += deltaTimeInSeconds;
+
     // In reverse order, so that teams can achieve a 100% control.
     this.getPoints(game);
     this.takeControl(CharacterTeam.neutral, deltaTimeInSeconds);
+    this.detectFlip(game);
+  }
+
+  private detectFlip(game: CommandReceiver) {
+    const currentTeam = this.team;
+    if (currentTeam === this.lastTeam) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.lastTeam = currentTeam;
+
+    if (currentTeam !== CharacterTeam.neutral) {
+      const reward = Math.round(
+        settings.captureFlipPointReward * this.sizePointMultiplier,
+      );
+      this.remoteCall('generatedPoints', reward);
+      game.handleCommand(
+        new GeneratePointsCommand(
+          currentTeam === CharacterTeam.decla ? reward : 0,
+          currentTeam === CharacterTeam.red ? reward : 0,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    const control = Math.abs(this.ownership - 0.5) / 0.5;
+    const lightness = mix(settings.lampMinLightness, settings.lampMaxLightness, control);
+    const color = settings.palette[settings.colorIndices[currentTeam]];
+
+    this.lamps.forEach((lamp) => lamp.queueSetLight(color, lightness));
+
+    this.remoteCall('onFlipped', currentTeam);
   }
 
   public getPropertyUpdates(): PropertyUpdatesForObject {
@@ -153,7 +203,7 @@ export class PlanetPhysical extends PlanetBase implements StaticPhysical {
 
   public getForce(position: vec2): vec2 {
     const diff = vec2.subtract(vec2.create(), this.center, position);
-    const dist = Math.max(0, vec2.length(diff) - this.radius);
+    const dist = Math.max(settings.minGravityDistance, vec2.length(diff) - this.radius);
     vec2.normalize(diff, diff);
     const scale = clamp(
       settings.maxGravityQ * ((settings.maxGravityDistance / dist) ** 1.5 - 1),

backend/src/objects/projectile-physical.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,13 @@ export class ProjectilePhysical extends ProjectileBase implements DynamicPhysica
     return !this.isDestroyed;
   }
 
+  public get direction(): vec2 {
+    const direction = vec2.clone(this.velocity);
+    return vec2.length(direction) > 0
+      ? vec2.normalize(direction, direction)
+      : vec2.fromValues(0, -1);
+  }
+
   private moveOutsideOfObject() {
     let wasCollision = true;
     const delta = vec2.scale(

backend/src/options.ts

@@ -5,5 +5,4 @@ export interface Options {
   scoreLimit: number;
   npcCount: number;
   seed: number;
-  worldSize: number;
 }

backend/src/players/npc.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   Random,
   MoveActionCommand,
   CharacterTeam,
+  Id,
 } from 'shared';
 import { PhysicalContainer } from '../physics/containers/physical-container';
 import { PlayerContainer } from './player-container';
@@ -13,16 +14,77 @@ import { PlayerBase } from './player-base';
 import { getBoundingBoxOfCircle } from '../physics/functions/get-bounding-box-of-circle';
 import { CharacterPhysical } from '../objects/character-physical';
 import { PlanetPhysical } from '../objects/planet-physical';
+import { ProjectilePhysical } from '../objects/projectile-physical';
 import { Physical } from '../physics/physicals/physical';
 
+const npcTuning = {
+  planIntervalSeconds: 1,
+  shootIntervalSeconds: 1.5,
+  reactionIntervalSeconds: 1 / 10,
+  reactionObserveRadius: 1400,
+  planScanRadius: 3500,
+
+  aggressionMin: 0.25,
+  aggressionMax: 1,
+
+  wanderReconsiderSeconds: 5,
+  wanderProbability: 0.4,
+  wanderTurn: 0.3,
+
+  fleeBaseRange: 240,
+  fleeAggressionFalloff: 1.4,
+
+  chaseBaseRange: 700,
+  chaseAggressionRange: 1600,
+  captureHoldEnemyDistance: 500,
+
+  dodgeThreatRange: 450,
+  dodgeApproachDot: 0.6,
+
+  dodgeBaseChance: 0.25,
+  dodgeAggressionChance: 0.35,
+  dodgeCommitSeconds: 0.35,
+  dodgeCooldownSeconds: 0.5,
+
+  lineOfSightClearance: 20,
+  lineOfSightStartOffset: 100,
+
+  fireBaseChance: 0.45,
+  fireAggressionChance: 0.45,
+
+  chargeRangeThreshold: 500,
+  chargeBaseChance: 0.3,
+  chargeAggressionChance: 0.4,
+  chargeMin: 0.6,
+
+  spreadBase: 60,
+  spreadPerDistance: 0.08,
+  spreadAggressionFalloff: 1.3,
+};
+
 export class NPC extends PlayerBase {
-  private direction: vec2 = vec2.fromValues(Random.getRandom(), Random.getRandom());
-  private timeSinceLastFindTarget = 10000;
-  private timeSinceLastFindShootTarget = 10000;
+  private direction = vec2.fromValues(Random.getRandom() - 0.5, Random.getRandom() - 0.5);
+  private timeSinceLastPlan = 10000;
+  private timeSinceLastShoot = 10000;
   private isWandering = false;
   private timeSinceLastWanderingConsideration = 0;
   private isComingBack = false;
 
+  private readonly aggression = Random.getRandomInRange(
+    npcTuning.aggressionMin,
+    npcTuning.aggressionMax,
+  );
+
+  private aimTargetId: Id = null;
+  private readonly aimTargetLastPosition = vec2.create();
+
+  private readonly dodgeDirection = vec2.create();
+  private dodgeCommitRemaining = 0;
+  private dodgeCooldownRemaining = 0;
+
+  private timeSinceObserve = npcTuning.reactionIntervalSeconds;
+  private nearObjects: Array<Physical> = [];
+
   constructor(
     playerInfo: PlayerInformation,
     playerContainer: PlayerContainer,
@@ -34,172 +96,305 @@ export class NPC extends PlayerBase {
     this.step(0);
   }
 
-  private findTarget() {
-    if (
-      (!this.isComingBack && vec2.length(this.center) > settings.worldRadius) ||
-      (this.isComingBack && vec2.length(this.center) > settings.worldRadius / 2)
-    ) {
-      this.isComingBack = true;
-      vec2.subtract(this.direction, vec2.fromValues(0, 0), this.center);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    this.isComingBack = false;
-
-    const observableArea = getBoundingBoxOfCircle(new Circle(this.center, 2000));
-    const nearObjects = this.objectContainer.findIntersecting(observableArea);
-    const characters = this.findNearCharactersSorted(nearObjects);
-
-    if (characters.length > 0) {
-      const nearest = characters[0];
-      if (nearest.distance < 200) {
-        vec2.subtract(this.direction, this.center, nearest.character.center);
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-
-    const enemies = characters.filter((o) => o.character.team !== this.team);
-
-    if (enemies.length > 0) {
-      const nearest = enemies[0];
-      if (nearest.distance < 500) {
-        vec2.subtract(this.direction, this.center, nearest.character.center);
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (enemies.length > 0) {
-      const nearest = enemies[0];
-      if (nearest.distance > 1000) {
-        vec2.subtract(this.direction, nearest.character.center, this.center);
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this.isWandering) {
-      vec2.rotate(
-        this.direction,
-        this.direction,
-        vec2.create(),
-        Random.getRandomInRange(-0.2, 0.2),
-      );
-    } else {
-      const planets = this.findNearPlanetsSorted(nearObjects).filter(
-        (p) => p.planet.team !== this.team,
-      );
-
-      if (planets.length > 0) {
-        vec2.subtract(this.direction, planets[0].planet.center, this.center);
-      } else {
-        this.isWandering = true;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private findNearCharactersSorted(
-    nearObjects: Array<Physical>,
-  ): Array<{ character: CharacterPhysical; distance: number }> {
-    const characters = Array.from(
-      new Set(
-        nearObjects.filter(
-          (o) =>
-            o.gameObject instanceof CharacterPhysical && o.gameObject !== this.character,
-        ),
-      ),
-    ).map((c) => ({
-      character: c.gameObject,
-      distance: vec2.distance(this.center, (c.gameObject as CharacterPhysical).center),
-    })) as Array<{ character: CharacterPhysical; distance: number }>;
-
-    characters.sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance);
-
-    return characters;
-  }
-
-  private findNearPlanetsSorted(
-    nearObjects: Array<Physical>,
-  ): Array<{ planet: PlanetPhysical; distance: number }> {
-    const planets = nearObjects
-      .filter((o) => o.gameObject instanceof PlanetPhysical)
-      .map((c) => ({
-        planet: c.gameObject,
-        distance: vec2.distance(this.center, (c.gameObject as PlanetPhysical).center),
-      })) as Array<{ planet: PlanetPhysical; distance: number }>;
-
-    planets.sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance);
-    return planets;
-  }
-
-  private findShootTarget(): vec2 | undefined {
-    const observableArea = getBoundingBoxOfCircle(new Circle(this.center, 1000));
-    const nearObjects = this.objectContainer.findIntersecting(observableArea);
-
-    const enemies = nearObjects.filter(
-      (o) => o.gameObject instanceof CharacterPhysical && o.gameObject.team !== this.team,
-    );
-    if (enemies.length > 0) {
-      return (enemies[0].gameObject as CharacterPhysical).center;
-    }
-  }
-
   private timeUntilRespawn = 0;
   public step(deltaTimeInSeconds: number) {
     if (this.character) {
-      this.center = this.character?.center;
+      this.center = this.character.center;
 
       if (!this.character.isAlive) {
         this.sumDeaths++;
         this.sumKills = this.character.killCount;
-
         this.character = null;
         this.timeUntilRespawn = settings.playerDiedTimeout;
+        return;
       }
     } else {
       if ((this.timeUntilRespawn -= deltaTimeInSeconds) < 0) {
         this.createCharacter();
         this.center = this.character!.center;
       }
+      return;
     }
 
-    if ((this.timeSinceLastWanderingConsideration += deltaTimeInSeconds) > 3) {
+    if (
+      (this.timeSinceLastWanderingConsideration += deltaTimeInSeconds) >
+      npcTuning.wanderReconsiderSeconds
+    ) {
       this.timeSinceLastWanderingConsideration = 0;
-      this.isWandering = Random.getRandom() > 0.5;
+      this.isWandering = Random.getRandom() < npcTuning.wanderProbability;
     }
 
-    if ((this.timeSinceLastFindTarget += deltaTimeInSeconds) > 1) {
-      this.timeSinceLastFindTarget = 0;
-      this.findTarget();
+    if ((this.timeSinceLastPlan += deltaTimeInSeconds) > npcTuning.planIntervalSeconds) {
+      this.timeSinceLastPlan = 0;
+      this.plan();
     }
 
-    if ((this.timeSinceLastFindShootTarget += deltaTimeInSeconds) > 0.5) {
-      if (Random.getRandom() > 0.5) {
-        const shootTarget = this.findShootTarget();
-        if (shootTarget) {
-          vec2.add(
-            shootTarget,
-            shootTarget,
-            vec2.fromValues(
-              Random.getRandomInRange(-200, 200),
-              Random.getRandomInRange(-200, 200),
-            ),
-          );
-          this.character?.shootTowards(shootTarget);
+    if (
+      (this.timeSinceObserve += deltaTimeInSeconds) > npcTuning.reactionIntervalSeconds
+    ) {
+      this.timeSinceObserve = 0;
+      this.nearObjects = this.observe(npcTuning.reactionObserveRadius);
+    }
+
+    this.dodgeCommitRemaining -= deltaTimeInSeconds;
+    this.dodgeCooldownRemaining -= deltaTimeInSeconds;
+    const movement = this.decideMovement(this.nearObjects);
+    this.character.handleMovementAction(new MoveActionCommand(movement));
+
+    if (
+      (this.timeSinceLastShoot += deltaTimeInSeconds) > npcTuning.shootIntervalSeconds
+    ) {
+      this.timeSinceLastShoot = 0;
+      this.tryShoot(this.nearObjects);
     }
   }
 
-      this.timeSinceLastFindShootTarget = 0;
+  private plan() {
+    const distanceFromCentre = vec2.length(this.center);
+    if (
+      (!this.isComingBack && distanceFromCentre > settings.worldRadius) ||
+      (this.isComingBack && distanceFromCentre > settings.worldRadius / 2)
+    ) {
+      this.isComingBack = true;
+      vec2.negate(this.direction, this.center);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.isComingBack = false;
+
+    const nearObjects = this.observe(npcTuning.planScanRadius);
+    const enemies = this.enemiesByDistance(nearObjects);
+
+    if (enemies.length > 0) {
+      const nearest = enemies[0];
+      const fleeRange =
+        npcTuning.fleeBaseRange * (npcTuning.fleeAggressionFalloff - this.aggression);
+      if (nearest.distance < fleeRange) {
+        vec2.subtract(this.direction, this.center, nearest.character.center);
+        return;
+      }
     }
 
-    this.character?.handleMovementAction(new MoveActionCommand(this.direction));
+    if (enemies.length > 0) {
+      const nearest = enemies[0];
+      const chaseRange =
+        npcTuning.chaseBaseRange + npcTuning.chaseAggressionRange * this.aggression;
+      if (nearest.distance < chaseRange) {
+        vec2.subtract(this.direction, nearest.character.center, this.center);
+        return;
+      }
     }
 
-  protected createCharacter() {
-    const randomPoint = vec2.rotate(
+    if (!this.isWandering) {
+      const planet = this.capturablePlanetsByDistance(nearObjects)[0];
+      if (planet) {
+        vec2.subtract(this.direction, planet.planet.center, this.center);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    vec2.rotate(
+      this.direction,
+      this.direction,
       vec2.create(),
-      vec2.fromValues(Random.getRandomInRange(0, settings.worldRadius), 0),
-      vec2.create(),
-      Random.getRandomInRange(0, Math.PI * 2),
+      Random.getRandomInRange(-npcTuning.wanderTurn, npcTuning.wanderTurn),
     );
-    super.createCharacter(randomPoint);
+  }
+
+  private decideMovement(nearObjects: Array<Physical>): vec2 {
+    if (this.dodgeCommitRemaining > 0) {
+      return vec2.clone(this.dodgeDirection);
+    }
+    if (this.dodgeCooldownRemaining <= 0) {
+      const dodge = this.dodgeVector(nearObjects);
+      if (dodge) {
+        if (
+          Random.getRandom() <
+          npcTuning.dodgeBaseChance + npcTuning.dodgeAggressionChance * this.aggression
+        ) {
+          vec2.copy(this.dodgeDirection, dodge);
+          this.dodgeCommitRemaining = npcTuning.dodgeCommitSeconds;
+          return vec2.clone(this.dodgeDirection);
+        }
+        this.dodgeCooldownRemaining = npcTuning.dodgeCooldownSeconds;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const planet = this.character!.groundPlanet;
+    if (planet && planet.team !== this.team) {
+      const enemies = this.enemiesByDistance(nearObjects);
+      if (
+        enemies.length === 0 ||
+        enemies[0].distance > npcTuning.captureHoldEnemyDistance
+      ) {
+        return vec2.create();
+      }
+    }
+
+    return vec2.normalize(vec2.create(), this.direction);
+  }
+
+  private dodgeVector(nearObjects: Array<Physical>): vec2 | undefined {
+    let threat: ProjectilePhysical | undefined;
+    let threatDistance = Infinity;
+
+    for (const o of nearObjects) {
+      const p = o.gameObject;
+      if (!(p instanceof ProjectilePhysical) || p.team === this.team || !p.isAlive) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const toMe = vec2.subtract(vec2.create(), this.center, p.center);
+      const distance = vec2.length(toMe);
+      if (distance > npcTuning.dodgeThreatRange || distance === 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      vec2.normalize(toMe, toMe);
+      if (
+        vec2.dot(p.direction, toMe) > npcTuning.dodgeApproachDot &&
+        distance < threatDistance
+      ) {
+        threatDistance = distance;
+        threat = p;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!threat) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    const perpendicular = vec2.fromValues(-threat.direction.y, threat.direction.x);
+    const toMe = vec2.subtract(vec2.create(), this.center, threat.center);
+    if (vec2.dot(perpendicular, toMe) < 0) {
+      vec2.negate(perpendicular, perpendicular);
+    }
+    vec2.normalize(perpendicular, perpendicular);
+
+    return perpendicular;
+  }
+
+  private tryShoot(nearObjects: Array<Physical>) {
+    const enemies = this.enemiesByDistance(nearObjects);
+    const visible = enemies.find((e) =>
+      this.hasLineOfSightTo(e.character.center, nearObjects),
+    );
+    if (!visible) {
+      this.aimTargetId = null;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const target = visible.character;
+    const distance = visible.distance;
+
+    const velocity = vec2.create();
+    if (this.aimTargetId === target.id) {
+      vec2.subtract(velocity, target.center, this.aimTargetLastPosition);
+      vec2.scale(velocity, velocity, 1 / npcTuning.shootIntervalSeconds);
+    }
+    this.aimTargetId = target.id;
+    vec2.copy(this.aimTargetLastPosition, target.center);
+
+    if (
+      Random.getRandom() >
+      npcTuning.fireBaseChance + npcTuning.fireAggressionChance * this.aggression
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const charge =
+      distance > npcTuning.chargeRangeThreshold &&
+        Random.getRandom() <
+        npcTuning.chargeBaseChance + npcTuning.chargeAggressionChance * this.aggression
+        ? Random.getRandomInRange(npcTuning.chargeMin, 1)
+        : 0;
+
+    const projectileSpeed =
+      charge > 0 ? settings.chargeShotSpeedMax : settings.chargeShotSpeedMin;
+    const leadTime = distance / projectileSpeed;
+    const aim = vec2.scaleAndAdd(vec2.create(), target.center, velocity, leadTime);
+
+    const spread =
+      (npcTuning.spreadBase + distance * npcTuning.spreadPerDistance) *
+      (npcTuning.spreadAggressionFalloff - this.aggression);
+    aim.x += Random.getRandomInRange(-spread, spread);
+    aim.y += Random.getRandomInRange(-spread, spread);
+
+    this.character!.shootTowards(aim, charge);
+  }
+
+  private hasLineOfSightTo(target: vec2, nearObjects: Array<Physical>): boolean {
+    const planets: Array<PlanetPhysical> = [];
+    for (const o of nearObjects) {
+      if (o.gameObject instanceof PlanetPhysical) {
+        planets.push(o.gameObject);
+      }
+    }
+    if (planets.length === 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const direction = vec2.subtract(vec2.create(), target, this.center);
+    const totalDistance = vec2.length(direction);
+    if (totalDistance <= npcTuning.lineOfSightStartOffset) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    vec2.normalize(direction, direction);
+
+    let traveled = npcTuning.lineOfSightStartOffset;
+    const position = vec2.scaleAndAdd(vec2.create(), this.center, direction, traveled);
+    while (traveled < totalDistance) {
+      let sdf = Infinity;
+      for (const planet of planets) {
+        sdf = Math.min(sdf, planet.distance(position));
+      }
+      if (sdf < npcTuning.lineOfSightClearance) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      traveled += sdf;
+      vec2.scaleAndAdd(position, position, direction, sdf);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private observe(radius: number): Array<Physical> {
+    return this.objectContainer.findIntersecting(
+      getBoundingBoxOfCircle(new Circle(this.center, radius)),
+    );
+  }
+
+  private enemiesByDistance(
+    nearObjects: Array<Physical>,
+  ): Array<{ character: CharacterPhysical; distance: number }> {
+    const seen = new Set<CharacterPhysical>();
+    const enemies: Array<{ character: CharacterPhysical; distance: number }> = [];
+    for (const o of nearObjects) {
+      const c = o.gameObject;
+      if (
+        c instanceof CharacterPhysical &&
+        c !== this.character &&
+        c.isAlive &&
+        c.team !== this.team &&
+        !seen.has(c)
+      ) {
+        seen.add(c);
+        enemies.push({ character: c, distance: vec2.distance(this.center, c.center) });
+      }
+    }
+    enemies.sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance);
+    return enemies;
+  }
+
+  private capturablePlanetsByDistance(
+    nearObjects: Array<Physical>,
+  ): Array<{ planet: PlanetPhysical; distance: number }> {
+    const planets = nearObjects
+      .filter(
+        (o): o is Physical =>
+          o.gameObject instanceof PlanetPhysical && o.gameObject.team !== this.team,
+      )
+      .map((o) => ({
+        planet: o.gameObject as PlanetPhysical,
+        distance: vec2.distance(this.center, (o.gameObject as PlanetPhysical).center),
+      }));
+    planets.sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance);
+    return planets;
   }
 }

backend/src/players/player-base.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
-import { CommandReceiver, Circle, PlayerInformation, CharacterTeam } from 'shared';
+import {
+  CommandReceiver,
+  Circle,
+  PlayerInformation,
+  CharacterTeam,
+  Random,
+  settings,
+} from 'shared';
 import { PhysicalContainer } from '../physics/containers/physical-container';
 import { getBoundingBoxOfCircle } from '../physics/functions/get-bounding-box-of-circle';
 import { isCircleIntersecting } from '../physics/functions/is-circle-intersecting';
 import { CharacterPhysical } from '../objects/character-physical';
+import { PlanetPhysical } from '../objects/planet-physical';
 import { PlayerContainer } from './player-container';
 
 export abstract class PlayerBase extends CommandReceiver {
@@ -22,14 +30,14 @@ export abstract class PlayerBase extends CommandReceiver {
     super();
   }
 
-  protected createCharacter(preferredCenter: vec2) {
+  protected createCharacter() {
     this.character = new CharacterPhysical(
       this.playerInfo.name.slice(0, 20),
       this.sumKills,
       this.sumDeaths,
       this.team,
       this.objectContainer,
-      this.findEmptyPositionForPlayer(preferredCenter),
+      this.findEmptyPositionForPlayer(this.findSpawnCenter()),
     );
 
     this.objectContainer.addObject(this.character);
@@ -37,11 +45,34 @@ export abstract class PlayerBase extends CommandReceiver {
 
   public abstract step(deltaTimeInSeconds: number): void;
 
-  protected findEmptyPositionForPlayer(preferredCenter: vec2): vec2 {
-    if (!preferredCenter) {
-      preferredCenter = vec2.create();
+  private findSpawnCenter(): vec2 {
+    const planets = this.objectContainer
+      .findIntersecting(
+        getBoundingBoxOfCircle(new Circle(vec2.create(), settings.worldRadius * 2)),
+      )
+      .filter((o): o is PlanetPhysical => o instanceof PlanetPhysical);
+
+    const friendly = planets.filter((p) => p.team === this.team);
+    const neutral = planets.filter((p) => p.team === CharacterTeam.neutral);
+    const candidates = friendly.length ? friendly : neutral.length ? neutral : planets;
+    if (candidates.length === 0) {
+      return vec2.create();
     }
 
+    const isContested = (planet: PlanetPhysical) =>
+      this.playerContainer.players.some(
+        (p) =>
+          p.team !== this.team &&
+          p.character?.isAlive &&
+          vec2.distance(p.center, planet.center) < settings.spawnSafetyDistance,
+      );
+    const safe = candidates.filter((p) => !isContested(p));
+
+    // candidates is non-empty here, so choose() always returns a planet.
+    return vec2.clone(Random.choose(safe.length ? safe : candidates)!.center);
+  }
+
+  protected findEmptyPositionForPlayer(preferredCenter: vec2): vec2 {
     let rotation = 0;
     let radius = 0;
     for (; ;) {

backend/src/players/player.ts

@@ -42,9 +42,8 @@ export class Player extends PlayerBase {
       (this.aspectRatio = v.aspectRatio),
     [MoveActionCommand.type]: (c: MoveActionCommand) =>
       this.character?.handleMovementAction(c),
-    [PrimaryActionCommand.type]: (c: PrimaryActionCommand) => {
-      this.character?.shootTowards(c.position);
-    },
+    [PrimaryActionCommand.type]: (c: PrimaryActionCommand) =>
+      this.character?.shootTowards(c.position, c.charge),
   };
 
   constructor(
@@ -60,11 +59,7 @@ export class Player extends PlayerBase {
   }
 
   protected createCharacter() {
-    const preferredCenter = this.playerContainer.players.find(
-      (p) => p.character?.isAlive && p.team === this.team,
-    )?.center;
-
-    super.createCharacter(preferredCenter ?? vec2.create());
+    super.createCharacter();
 
     this.objectsPreviouslyInViewArea.push(this.character!);
     this.queueCommandSend(new CreatePlayerCommand(this.character!));
@@ -206,8 +201,4 @@ export class Player extends PlayerBase {
       this.queueCommandSend(new ServerAnnouncement(announcement));
     }
   }
-
-  public destroy() {
-    super.destroy();
-  }
 }

backend/src/react-to-collision.ts

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-import { Command, GameObject } from 'shared';
-
-export class ReactToCollisionCommand extends Command {
-  public constructor(public readonly other: GameObject) {
-    super();
-  }
-}

frontend/package-lock.json

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
         "resize-observer-polyfill": "^1.5.1",
         "sass": "^1.100.0",
         "sass-loader": "^17.0.0",
-        "sdf-2d": "^0.7.6",
+        "sdf-2d": "file:../../sdf-2d",
         "shared": "file:../shared",
         "socket.io-client": "^4.8.3",
         "socket.io-msgpack-parser": "^3.0.2",
@@ -36,6 +36,40 @@
         "webpack-dev-server": "^5.2.4"
       }
     },
+    "../../sdf-2d": {
+      "version": "0.7.6",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "gl-matrix": "^3.4.4",
+        "resize-observer-polyfill": "^1.5.1"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
+        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.60.1",
+        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.60.1",
+        "eslint": "^10.4.1",
+        "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
+        "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.5.6",
+        "eslint-plugin-unused-imports": "^4.4.1",
+        "globals": "^17.6.0",
+        "prettier": "^3.8.3",
+        "raw-loader": "^4.0.2",
+        "terser-webpack-plugin": "^5.6.1",
+        "ts-loader": "^9.6.0",
+        "typedoc": "^0.28.19",
+        "typedoc-plugin-extras": "^4.0.1",
+        "typescript": "^6.0.3",
+        "webpack": "^5.107.2",
+        "webpack-cli": "^7.0.3"
+      }
+    },
+    "../../sdf-2d/dist": {
+      "extraneous": true
+    },
+    "../../sdf-2d/lib": {
+      "extraneous": true
+    },
     "../shared": {
       "version": "0.0.0",
       "dev": true,
@@ -5409,15 +5443,8 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/sdf-2d": {
-      "version": "0.7.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sdf-2d/-/sdf-2d-0.7.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-aBJUjwYjWP+/fSvLHH6vhpFyWeSJNCSEHpE0XBX69s2bQlo/NOUr3nq/KuhRZ6A3FeXrGU4lzyurHJ1N8f4rFg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "ISC",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "gl-matrix": "^3.3.0",
-        "resize-observer-polyfill": "^1.5.1"
-      }
+      "resolved": "../../sdf-2d",
+      "link": true
     },
     "node_modules/select-hose": {
       "version": "2.0.0",

frontend/package.json

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     "resize-observer-polyfill": "^1.5.1",
     "sass": "^1.100.0",
     "sass-loader": "^17.0.0",
-    "sdf-2d": "^0.7.6",
+    "sdf-2d": "^0.8.0",
     "shared": "file:../shared",
     "socket.io-client": "^4.8.3",
     "socket.io-msgpack-parser": "^3.0.2",

frontend/src/main.scss

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 html {
   font-size: 0.85rem;
+
   @media (max-width: $breakpoint) {
     font-size: 0.6rem;
   }
@@ -30,17 +31,21 @@ img {
 }
 
 h1 {
+
   &,
   * {
     font-family: 'Comfortaa', sans-serif;
     font-weight: 400;
   }
+
   font-size: 6rem;
   text-align: center;
   padding-bottom: $medium-padding;
+
   @media (max-width: $height-breakpoint) {
     font-size: 4.5rem;
   }
+
   @media (max-height: $height-breakpoint) {
     display: none;
   }
@@ -48,6 +53,7 @@ h1 {
 
 .red {
   color: $accent;
+
   &::selection {
     color: $accent;
     background-color: white;
@@ -75,8 +81,10 @@ body {
     top: 0;
 
     @include background;
+
     #spinner {
       @include square(20vmax);
+
       @media (max-width: $breakpoint) {
         @include square(20vmax);
       }
@@ -120,8 +128,10 @@ body {
 
       &.decla {
         color: $bright-decla;
-        div:first-child {
+
+        .health {
           background-color: $bright-decla;
+
           &:before {
             background-color: $bright-decla;
             opacity: 0.3;
@@ -131,8 +141,10 @@ body {
 
       &.red {
         color: $bright-red;
-        div:first-child {
+
+        .health {
           background-color: $bright-red;
+
           &:before {
             background-color: $bright-red;
             opacity: 0.4;
@@ -140,7 +152,7 @@ body {
         }
       }
 
-      div:first-child {
+      .health {
         position: relative;
         height: 5px;
         border-radius: 1000px;
@@ -155,9 +167,33 @@ body {
         }
       }
 
-      div:not(:first-child) {
-        letter-spacing: 2px;
+      .charge {
+        height: 3px;
+        margin-top: 2px;
+        border-radius: 1000px;
+        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
+      }
+
+      .stats {
+        display: flex;
+        align-items: center;
+        gap: 8px;
         font-size: 0.8em;
+        font-weight: 700;
+        text-shadow: 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
+
+        .stat {
+          display: inline-flex;
+          align-items: center;
+          gap: 3px;
+        }
+
+        .icon {
+          width: 1.1em;
+          height: 1.1em;
+          fill: currentColor;
+          filter: drop-shadow(0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9));
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -172,9 +208,13 @@ body {
 
     .falling-point {
       font-size: 1.2em;
+      font-weight: 700;
+      animation: falling-point 2s ease-out forwards;
+
       &.decla {
         color: $bright-decla;
       }
+
       &.red {
         color: $bright-red;
       }
@@ -184,6 +224,7 @@ body {
       transition: transform 150ms;
 
       @include square($large-icon);
+
       @media (max-width: $breakpoint) {
         @include square($small-icon);
       }
@@ -219,6 +260,56 @@ body {
       }
     }
 
+    .touch-button {
+      display: none;
+      pointer-events: auto;
+      touch-action: none;
+      cursor: pointer;
+
+      $size: $large-icon * 1.6;
+      @include square($size);
+      top: auto;
+      left: auto;
+      bottom: $medium-padding;
+      border-radius: 1000px;
+      background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
+      box-shadow: inset 0 0 8px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.33);
+      border: $border-width solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
+
+      font-size: 1.6rem;
+      line-height: $size - 2 * $border-width;
+      text-align: center;
+      text-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
+
+      @media (hover: none) and (pointer: coarse) {
+        display: inline-block;
+      }
+
+      &.fire {
+        right: $medium-padding;
+
+        &::after {
+          content: '\25C9';
+        }
+      }
+
+      .strength-ring {
+        position: absolute;
+        top: -3px;
+        left: -3px;
+        width: calc(100% + 6px);
+        height: calc(100% + 6px);
+        border-radius: 1000px;
+        pointer-events: none;
+        -webkit-mask: radial-gradient(farthest-side,
+            transparent calc(100% - 5px),
+            #000 calc(100% - 5px));
+        mask: radial-gradient(farthest-side,
+            transparent calc(100% - 5px),
+            #000 calc(100% - 5px));
+      }
+    }
+
     .announcement {
       top: 25%;
       transform: translateX(calc(-50% + 50vw)) translateY(-50%);
@@ -242,20 +333,65 @@ body {
       }
     }
 
+    .tutorial-hint {
+      top: auto;
+      bottom: calc(#{$medium-padding} + #{$large-icon} * 1.6 + #{$medium-padding});
+      left: 50%;
+      transform: translateX(-50%);
+      white-space: nowrap;
+
+      font-size: 1.6rem;
+      @include background;
+      z-index: 1000;
+      padding: $small-padding $medium-padding;
+      border-radius: 1000px;
+      opacity: 0.9;
+
+      &:empty {
+        display: none;
+      }
+    }
+
     .planet-progress {
       top: $small-padding;
       left: 50%;
       transform: translateX(-50%);
       width: 50%;
-      display: flex;
-      $height: 8px;
+      $height: 20px;
       height: $height;
 
-      justify-content: space-between;
-      box-shadow: inset 0 0 3px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
-
-      border-radius: 4px;
       z-index: 100;
+      pointer-events: none;
+
+      background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
+      box-shadow: inset 0 0 3px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
+      border-radius: 1000px;
+
+      .fill {
+        position: absolute;
+        top: 0;
+        height: $height;
+        transition: width $animation-time;
+      }
+
+      .fill.decla {
+        right: 50%;
+        background: $bright-decla;
+        color: $bright-decla;
+        border-radius: 1000px 0 0 1000px;
+      }
+
+      .fill.red {
+        left: 50%;
+        background: $bright-red;
+        color: $bright-red;
+        border-radius: 0 1000px 1000px 0;
+      }
+
+      .fill.match-point {
+        z-index: 1;
+        animation: match-point-pulse 1.2s ease-in-out infinite;
+      }
 
       &::before {
         content: '';
@@ -263,38 +399,87 @@ body {
         left: 50%;
         top: 50%;
         transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
-        background-color: #888;
-        height: 24px;
-        width: 4px;
+        background-color: #fff;
+        height: $height + 8px;
+        width: 3px;
         border-radius: 1000px;
+        z-index: 2;
       }
 
+      .score {
+        position: absolute;
+        top: 50%;
+        transform: translateY(-50%);
+        z-index: 3;
+        font-size: 0.95rem;
+        font-weight: 700;
+        line-height: 1;
+        color: #fff;
+        text-shadow:
+          0 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95),
+          0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
+        opacity: 0.8;
+        transition:
+          opacity $animation-time,
+          text-shadow $animation-time,
+          font-size $animation-time;
+      }
+
+      .score.decla {
+        right: calc(50% + #{$small-padding});
+      }
+
+      .score.red {
+        left: calc(50% + #{$small-padding});
+      }
+
+      .score.leading {
+        opacity: 1;
+        font-size: 1.2rem;
+      }
+
+      .score.decla.leading {
+        text-shadow:
+          0 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95),
+          0 0 8px $bright-decla;
+      }
+
+      .score.red.leading {
+        text-shadow:
+          0 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95),
+          0 0 8px $bright-red;
+      }
+
+      .you-marker {
+        position: absolute;
+        top: 100%;
+        margin-top: 4px;
+        font-size: 0.7rem;
+        font-weight: 700;
+        letter-spacing: 0.08em;
+        white-space: nowrap;
+        text-shadow: 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
+
         &::after {
           content: '';
           position: absolute;
           left: 50%;
-        top: 50%;
-        transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(50%);
-
-        @include square(24px);
-
-        background-image: url('../static/flag.svg');
-        background-size: contain;
+          bottom: 100%;
+          transform: translateX(-50%);
+          border-left: 4px solid transparent;
+          border-right: 4px solid transparent;
+          border-bottom: 5px solid currentColor;
         }
 
-      div {
-        height: $height;
-        box-shadow: inset 0 0 3px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+        &.decla {
+          right: calc(50% + #{$small-padding});
+          color: $bright-decla;
         }
 
-      div:nth-child(1) {
-        background: $bright-decla;
-        border-radius: 100px 0 0 100px;
+        &.red {
+          left: calc(50% + #{$small-padding});
+          color: $bright-red;
         }
-
-      div:nth-child(2) {
-        background: $bright-red;
-        border-radius: 0 100px 100px 0;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -308,6 +493,7 @@ body {
       background-color: transparent;
       width: 3px;
     }
+
     &::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
       background-color: $accent;
       border-radius: $border-radius;
@@ -321,6 +507,10 @@ body {
     bottom: 0;
     left: 0;
 
+    @media (hover: none) and (pointer: coarse) {
+      display: none;
+    }
+
     box-sizing: content-box;
 
     user-select: none;
@@ -328,6 +518,7 @@ body {
 
     padding: $medium-padding;
     @include square($large-icon);
+
     @media (max-width: $breakpoint) {
       @include square($small-icon);
       padding: $small-padding;
@@ -338,3 +529,217 @@ body {
     }
   }
 }
+
+.feedback-hud {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 0;
+  left: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  user-select: none;
+  z-index: 2000;
+  overflow: hidden;
+
+  .hitmarker {
+    position: absolute;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
+    @include square(26px);
+    opacity: 0.9;
+
+    &::before,
+    &::after {
+      content: '';
+      position: absolute;
+      top: 50%;
+      left: 50%;
+      width: 12px;
+      height: 2px;
+      background-color: white;
+      box-shadow: 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
+      transform-origin: center;
+    }
+
+    &::before {
+      transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(45deg);
+    }
+
+    &::after {
+      transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);
+    }
+
+    animation: hitmarker-pop 250ms ease-out forwards;
+  }
+
+  .kill-popup {
+    position: absolute;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
+    font-weight: 700;
+    font-size: 1.4rem;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    color: $bright-neutral;
+    text-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
+    animation: kill-popup-rise 1200ms ease-out forwards;
+
+    .heal {
+      color: #6fcf6f;
+    }
+  }
+
+  .streak-callout {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 33%;
+    left: 50%;
+    transform: translateX(-50%);
+    font-weight: 700;
+    font-size: 2.6rem;
+    color: $accent;
+    text-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    animation: streak-pop 1400ms ease-out forwards;
+  }
+
+  .killfeed {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: calc(#{$small-padding} + 36px);
+    right: $medium-padding;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    align-items: flex-end;
+    gap: 6px;
+
+    .kill-entry {
+      font-size: 1rem;
+      padding: 4px 10px;
+      border-radius: 1000px;
+      @include background;
+      text-shadow: 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
+      animation: kill-entry-fade 4500ms ease-out forwards;
+
+      b {
+        color: $accent;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+.charge-ring {
+  position: fixed;
+  @include square(56px);
+  margin: -28px 0 0 -28px;
+  border-radius: 1000px;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  user-select: none;
+  z-index: 2000;
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity 100ms;
+  -webkit-mask: radial-gradient(farthest-side,
+      transparent calc(100% - 6px),
+      #000 calc(100% - 6px));
+  mask: radial-gradient(farthest-side,
+      transparent calc(100% - 6px),
+      #000 calc(100% - 6px));
+
+  &.full {
+    filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8));
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes match-point-pulse {
+  0%,
+  100% {
+    box-shadow: 0 0 4px 0 currentColor;
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    box-shadow: 0 0 14px 3px currentColor;
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes falling-point {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translate(-50%, calc(-50% - 90px));
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes hitmarker-pop {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.6);
+  }
+
+  25% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes kill-popup-rise {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -30%) scale(0.8);
+  }
+
+  20% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -60%) scale(1);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translate(-50%, -160%) scale(1);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes streak-pop {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateX(-50%) scale(0.6);
+  }
+
+  20% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateX(-50%) scale(1.1);
+  }
+
+  70% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateX(-50%) scale(1);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateX(-50%) scale(1);
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes kill-entry-fade {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateX(20px);
+  }
+
+  10% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateX(0);
+  }
+
+  80% {
+    opacity: 1;
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0;
+  }
+}

frontend/src/scripts/charge-indicator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { holdDurationToCharge } from 'shared';
+import { Pointer } from './helper/pointer';
+
+
+export abstract class ChargeIndicator {
+  private static element?: HTMLElement;
+  private static heldSince = 0;
+  private static raf = 0;
+  private static followPointer = false;
+
+  public static begin(x: number, y: number, followPointer = false) {
+    this.end();
+
+    const element = document.createElement('div');
+    element.className = 'charge-ring';
+    element.style.left = `${x}px`;
+    element.style.top = `${y}px`;
+    document.body.appendChild(element);
+
+    this.element = element;
+    this.heldSince = performance.now();
+    this.followPointer = followPointer;
+    this.raf = requestAnimationFrame(this.update);
+  }
+
+  public static end() {
+    if (this.element) {
+      cancelAnimationFrame(this.raf);
+      this.element.parentElement?.removeChild(this.element);
+      this.element = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static update = () => {
+    const element = ChargeIndicator.element;
+    if (!element) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const charge = holdDurationToCharge(
+      (performance.now() - ChargeIndicator.heldSince) / 1000,
+    );
+    element.style.opacity = charge < 0.12 ? '0' : '1';
+    element.style.background = `conic-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85) ${charge * 360
+      }deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 0deg)`;
+    element.classList.toggle('full', charge >= 1);
+
+    if (ChargeIndicator.followPointer) {
+      const cursor = Pointer.getDisplayPosition();
+      if (cursor) {
+        element.style.left = `${cursor.x}px`;
+        element.style.top = `${cursor.y}px`;
+      }
+    }
+
+    ChargeIndicator.raf = requestAnimationFrame(ChargeIndicator.update);
+  };
+}

frontend/src/scripts/commands/mouse-listener.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
 import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
-import { CommandGenerator, PrimaryActionCommand, SecondaryActionCommand } from 'shared';
+import { CommandGenerator, PrimaryActionCommand, holdDurationToCharge } from 'shared';
 import { Game } from '../game';
+import { ChargeIndicator } from '../charge-indicator';
+import { Pointer } from '../helper/pointer';
 
 export class MouseListener extends CommandGenerator {
+  // Timestamp (ms) of the primary press, or null when not held. On release the
+  // held duration is mapped to the charge scalar; a quick tap reads as ~0.
+  private primaryDownAt: number | null = null;
+
   constructor(
     private target: HTMLElement,
     private readonly game: Game,
@@ -10,22 +16,43 @@ export class MouseListener extends CommandGenerator {
     super();
 
     target.addEventListener('mousedown', this.mouseDownListener);
+    target.addEventListener('mouseup', this.mouseUpListener);
+    target.addEventListener('mousemove', this.mouseMoveListener);
     target.addEventListener('contextmenu', this.contextMenuListener);
   }
 
-  private mouseDownListener = (event: MouseEvent) => {
-    const position = this.positionFromEvent(event);
+  // Only the screen position is stored; it is reprojected to world space each
+  // frame so the gaze stays correct even while the camera pans under a still
+  // cursor.
+  private mouseMoveListener = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+    Pointer.setDisplayPosition(event.clientX, event.clientY);
+  };
 
+  private mouseDownListener = (event: MouseEvent) => {
     if (event.button === 0) {
-      this.sendCommandToSubscribers(new PrimaryActionCommand(position));
+      this.primaryDownAt = performance.now();
+      // The ring follows the cursor and only fades in once this press has
+      // clearly become a hold.
+      ChargeIndicator.begin(event.clientX, event.clientY, true);
     }
   };
 
+  private mouseUpListener = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+    if (event.button !== 0 || this.primaryDownAt === null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ChargeIndicator.end();
+    const charge = holdDurationToCharge((performance.now() - this.primaryDownAt) / 1000);
+    this.primaryDownAt = null;
+    this.sendCommandToSubscribers(
+      new PrimaryActionCommand(this.positionFromEvent(event), charge),
+    );
+  };
+
+  // Suppress the browser context menu on the canvas; right-click has no action.
   private contextMenuListener = (event: MouseEvent) => {
     event.preventDefault();
-
-    const position = this.positionFromEvent(event);
-    this.sendCommandToSubscribers(new SecondaryActionCommand(position));
   };
 
   private positionFromEvent(event: MouseEvent): vec2 {
@@ -35,7 +62,10 @@ export class MouseListener extends CommandGenerator {
   }
 
   public destroy() {
+    ChargeIndicator.end();
     this.target.removeEventListener('mousedown', this.mouseDownListener);
+    this.target.removeEventListener('mouseup', this.mouseUpListener);
+    this.target.removeEventListener('mousemove', this.mouseMoveListener);
     this.target.removeEventListener('contextmenu', this.contextMenuListener);
   }
 }

frontend/src/scripts/commands/touch-listener.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
-import { CommandGenerator, MoveActionCommand, last, PrimaryActionCommand } from 'shared';
+import {
+  CommandGenerator,
+  MoveActionCommand,
+  last,
+  PrimaryActionCommand,
+  holdDurationToCharge,
+  settings,
+} from 'shared';
 import { Game } from '../game';
+import { ChargeIndicator } from '../charge-indicator';
 
 export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
   private static readonly deadZone = 8;
@@ -10,6 +18,12 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
   private joystickButton: HTMLElement;
   private isJoystickActive = false;
   private touchStartPosition!: vec2;
+  private primaryDownAt: number | null = null;
+
+  private fireButton: HTMLElement;
+  private fireStrengthRing: HTMLElement;
+
+  private fireDownAt: number | null = null;
 
   constructor(
     private target: HTMLElement,
@@ -23,6 +37,17 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
     this.joystickButton = document.createElement('div');
     this.joystick.appendChild(this.joystickButton);
 
+    this.fireButton = document.createElement('div');
+    this.fireButton.className = 'touch-button fire';
+    this.fireStrengthRing = document.createElement('div');
+    this.fireStrengthRing.className = 'strength-ring';
+    this.fireButton.appendChild(this.fireStrengthRing);
+
+    this.fireButton.addEventListener('touchstart', this.fireButtonDownListener);
+    this.fireButton.addEventListener('touchend', this.fireButtonUpListener);
+
+    this.overlay.appendChild(this.fireButton);
+
     target.addEventListener('touchstart', this.touchStartListener);
     target.addEventListener('touchmove', this.touchMoveListener);
     target.addEventListener('touchend', this.touchEndListener);
@@ -43,6 +68,8 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
         event.touches[0].clientX,
         event.touches[0].clientY,
       );
+      this.primaryDownAt = performance.now();
+      ChargeIndicator.begin(this.touchStartPosition.x, this.touchStartPosition.y);
     }
   };
 
@@ -60,6 +87,8 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
 
     if (!this.isJoystickActive && deltaLength > TouchListener.deadZone) {
       this.isJoystickActive = true;
+      this.primaryDownAt = null;
+      ChargeIndicator.end();
       this.overlay.appendChild(this.joystick);
       this.joystickButton.style.transform = `translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%)`;
       this.joystick.style.transform = `translateX(${this.touchStartPosition.x}px) translateY(${this.touchStartPosition.y}px) translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%)`;
@@ -71,7 +100,8 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
 
     vec2.set(delta, delta.x, -delta.y);
     if (deltaLength > TouchListener.deadZone) {
-      this.sendCommandToSubscribers(new MoveActionCommand(vec2.normalize(delta, delta)));
+      const direction = vec2.normalize(delta, delta);
+      this.sendCommandToSubscribers(new MoveActionCommand(direction));
     } else {
       this.sendCommandToSubscribers(new MoveActionCommand(vec2.create()));
     }
@@ -81,12 +111,18 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
     event.preventDefault();
 
     if (!this.isJoystickActive) {
+      ChargeIndicator.end();
+      const charge =
+        this.primaryDownAt === null
+          ? 0
+          : holdDurationToCharge((performance.now() - this.primaryDownAt) / 1000);
+      this.primaryDownAt = null;
       const center = vec2.fromValues(
         event.changedTouches[0].clientX,
         event.changedTouches[0].clientY,
       );
       this.sendCommandToSubscribers(
-        new PrimaryActionCommand(this.game.displayToWorldCoordinates(center)),
+        new PrimaryActionCommand(this.game.displayToWorldCoordinates(center), charge),
       );
     } else if (event.touches.length === 0) {
       this.isJoystickActive = false;
@@ -95,9 +131,62 @@ export class TouchListener extends CommandGenerator {
     }
   };
 
+  private swallowTouch = (event: TouchEvent) => {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+  };
+
+  private fireButtonDownListener = (event: TouchEvent) => {
+    this.swallowTouch(event);
+    this.fireDownAt = performance.now();
+    const rect = this.fireButton.getBoundingClientRect();
+    ChargeIndicator.begin(rect.left + rect.width / 2, rect.top + rect.height / 2);
+  };
+
+  private fireButtonUpListener = (event: TouchEvent) => {
+    this.swallowTouch(event);
+    ChargeIndicator.end();
+    if (this.fireDownAt === null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const charge = holdDurationToCharge((performance.now() - this.fireDownAt) / 1000);
+    this.fireDownAt = null;
+
+    const character = this.game.gameObjects.player;
+    if (!character) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const aim = vec2.scaleAndAdd(
+      vec2.create(),
+      character.bodyCenter,
+      character.facingDirection,
+      settings.touchAimRange,
+    );
+    this.sendCommandToSubscribers(new PrimaryActionCommand(aim, charge));
+  };
+
+  public update(_deltaTimeInSeconds: number) {
+    if (!this.fireButton.parentElement) {
+      this.overlay.appendChild(this.fireButton);
+    }
+
+    const character = this.game.gameObjects.player;
+    if (character) {
+      this.fireStrengthRing.style.background = `conic-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) ${character.strengthFraction * 360
+        }deg, transparent 0deg)`;
+    }
+  }
+
   public destroy() {
+    ChargeIndicator.end();
     this.target.removeEventListener('touchstart', this.touchStartListener);
     this.target.removeEventListener('touchmove', this.touchMoveListener);
     this.target.removeEventListener('touchend', this.touchEndListener);
+
+    this.fireButton.removeEventListener('touchstart', this.fireButtonDownListener);
+    this.fireButton.removeEventListener('touchend', this.fireButtonUpListener);
+
+    this.fireButton.parentElement?.removeChild(this.fireButton);
   }
 }

frontend/src/scripts/feedback-hud.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import { settings } from 'shared';
+import { Pointer } from './helper/pointer';
+
+export abstract class FeedbackHud {
+  private static root?: HTMLElement;
+  private static killfeed?: HTMLElement;
+
+  private static ensureRoot(): { root: HTMLElement; killfeed: HTMLElement } {
+    if (!this.root || !this.killfeed) {
+      this.root = document.createElement('div');
+      this.root.className = 'feedback-hud';
+
+      this.killfeed = document.createElement('div');
+      this.killfeed.className = 'killfeed';
+      this.root.appendChild(this.killfeed);
+
+      document.body.appendChild(this.root);
+    }
+    return { root: this.root, killfeed: this.killfeed };
+  }
+
+  private static focusPoint(): { x: number; y: number } {
+    const cursor = Pointer.getDisplayPosition();
+    if (cursor) {
+      return { x: cursor.x, y: cursor.y };
+    }
+    return { x: window.innerWidth / 2, y: window.innerHeight / 2 };
+  }
+
+  private static addTransient(element: HTMLElement, lifetimeMs: number) {
+    const { root } = this.ensureRoot();
+    root.appendChild(element);
+    setTimeout(() => element.parentElement?.removeChild(element), lifetimeMs);
+  }
+
+  public static hitMarker() {
+    const { x, y } = this.focusPoint();
+    const marker = document.createElement('div');
+    marker.className = 'hitmarker';
+    marker.style.left = `${x}px`;
+    marker.style.top = `${y}px`;
+    this.addTransient(marker, 250);
+  }
+
+  public static killConfirmed(victimName?: string, streak = 1) {
+    const { killfeed } = this.ensureRoot();
+
+    const entry = document.createElement('div');
+    entry.className = 'kill-entry';
+    entry.innerHTML = `Eliminated <b>${this.escape(victimName ?? 'enemy')}</b>`;
+    killfeed.insertBefore(entry, killfeed.firstChild);
+    setTimeout(() => entry.parentElement?.removeChild(entry), 4500);
+
+    const { x, y } = this.focusPoint();
+    const popup = document.createElement('div');
+    popup.className = 'kill-popup';
+    popup.innerHTML = `+${settings.playerKillPoint} <span class="heal">+${settings.playerKillHealthReward}❤</span>`;
+    popup.style.left = `${x}px`;
+    popup.style.top = `${y}px`;
+    this.addTransient(popup, 1200);
+
+    const callout = this.streakName(streak);
+    if (callout) {
+      const el = document.createElement('div');
+      el.className = 'streak-callout';
+      el.innerText = callout;
+      this.addTransient(el, 1400);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static streakName(streak: number): string | undefined {
+    switch (streak) {
+      case 2:
+        return 'Double Kill!';
+      case 3:
+        return 'Triple Kill!';
+      case 4:
+        return 'Quad Kill!';
+      default:
+        return streak >= 5 ? 'Rampage!' : undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static escape(text: string): string {
+    const div = document.createElement('div');
+    div.innerText = text;
+    return div.innerHTML;
+  }
+}

frontend/src/scripts/game.ts

@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ import { CommandSocket } from './commands/command-socket';
 import { PlayerDecision } from './join-form-handler';
 import { GameObjectContainer } from './objects/game-object-container';
 import parser from 'socket.io-msgpack-parser';
-import { BlobShape } from './shapes/blob-shape';
+import { CharacterShape } from './shapes/character-shape';
 import { PlanetShape } from './shapes/planet-shape';
 import { RenderCommand } from './commands/types/render';
 import { StepCommand } from './commands/types/step';
+import { Tutorial } from './tutorial';
+import { Scoreboard } from './scoreboard';
 
 export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
   public gameObjects = new GameObjectContainer(this);
@@ -48,12 +50,11 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
   private mouseListener: MouseListener;
   private touchListener: TouchListener;
 
-  private declaPlanetCountElement = document.createElement('div');
-  private redPlanetCountElement = document.createElement('div');
+  private scoreboard = new Scoreboard();
   private announcementText = document.createElement('h2');
-  private progressBar = document.createElement('div');
   private arrows: { [id: number]: HTMLElement } = {};
   private socketReceiver!: CommandSocket;
+  private tutorial!: Tutorial;
 
   constructor(
     private readonly playerDecision: PlayerDecision,
@@ -63,9 +64,6 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
     super();
     this.started = new Promise((r) => (this.resolveStarted = r));
     this.announcementText.className = 'announcement';
-    this.progressBar.className = 'planet-progress';
-    this.progressBar.appendChild(this.declaPlanetCountElement);
-    this.progressBar.appendChild(this.redPlanetCountElement);
 
     this.keyboardListener = new KeyboardListener();
     this.mouseListener = new MouseListener(this.canvas, this);
@@ -78,12 +76,14 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
     this.socket?.close();
     this.gameObjects = new GameObjectContainer(this);
     this.overlay.innerHTML = '';
+    this.arrows = {};
     this.isEnding = false;
     this.lastAnnouncementText = '';
-    this.overlay.appendChild(this.progressBar);
+    this.overlay.appendChild(this.scoreboard.element);
     this.announcementText.innerText = '';
     this.timeScaling = 1;
     this.overlay.appendChild(this.announcementText);
+    this.tutorial = new Tutorial(this.overlay);
 
     this.socket = io(this.playerDecision.server, {
       reconnectionDelayMax: 10000,
@@ -114,12 +114,17 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
     });
 
     this.socketReceiver = new CommandSocket(this.socket);
+    // The tutorial listens to the same input streams as the socket, so its
+    // stages clear off the player's own commands without any server involvement.
     this.keyboardListener.clearSubscribers();
     this.keyboardListener.subscribe(this.socketReceiver);
+    this.keyboardListener.subscribe(this.tutorial);
     this.mouseListener.clearSubscribers();
     this.mouseListener.subscribe(this.socketReceiver);
+    this.mouseListener.subscribe(this.tutorial);
     this.touchListener.clearSubscribers();
     this.touchListener.subscribe(this.socketReceiver);
+    this.touchListener.subscribe(this.tutorial);
 
     this.isBetweenGames = false;
 
@@ -189,8 +194,7 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
         clamp(p.x, arrowPadding, width - arrowPadding),
         clamp(height - p.y, arrowPadding, height - arrowPadding),
       );
-      e.style.transform = `translateX(${p.x}px) translateY(${
-        p.y
+      e.style.transform = `translateX(${p.x}px) translateY(${p.y
         }px) translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%) rotate(${-angle + Math.PI / 2}rad) `;
     });
 
@@ -214,7 +218,7 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
       this.canvas,
       [
         PlanetShape.descriptor,
-        BlobShape.descriptor,
+        CharacterShape.descriptor,
         {
           ...CircleLight.descriptor,
           shaderCombinationSteps: [0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16],
@@ -223,10 +227,11 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
       this.gameLoop.bind(this),
       {
         shadowTraceCount: 16,
-        paletteSize: settings.palette.length,
-        colorPalette: settings.palette,
+        paletteSize: settings.paletteDim.length,
+        colorPalette: settings.paletteDim,
         enableHighDpiRendering: true,
         lightCutoffDistance: settings.lightCutoffDistance,
+        lightOverlapReduction: settings.lightOverlapReduction,
         textures: {
           noiseTexture: {
             source: noiseTexture,
@@ -276,7 +281,9 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
       this.draw();
     }
 
-    if ((this.timeSinceLastAnnouncement += deltaTime) > 0.5) {
+    if (
+      (this.timeSinceLastAnnouncement += deltaTime) > settings.announcementVisibleSeconds
+    ) {
       this.lastAnnouncementText = '';
     }
 
@@ -292,6 +299,10 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
       new RenderCommand(this.renderer, this.overlay, shouldChangeLayout),
     );
 
+    this.touchListener.update(deltaTime);
+
+    this.tutorial.step(this.gameObjects);
+
     this.socketReceiver.sendQueuedCommands();
 
     return this.isActive;
@@ -299,10 +310,8 @@ export class Game extends CommandReceiver {
 
   private draw() {
     if (this.lastGameState) {
-      this.declaPlanetCountElement.style.width =
-        (this.lastGameState.declaCount / this.lastGameState.limit) * 50 + '%';
-      this.redPlanetCountElement.style.width =
-        (this.lastGameState.redCount / this.lastGameState.limit) * 50 + '%';
+      // The local player's team is read off the main character once it exists.
+      this.scoreboard.update(this.lastGameState, this.gameObjects.player?.team);
     }
 
     if (this.lastOtherPlayerDirections) {

frontend/src/scripts/helper/pointer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
+
+export class Pointer {
+  private static displayPosition: vec2 | null = null;
+
+  public static setDisplayPosition(x: number, y: number): void {
+    Pointer.displayPosition = vec2.fromValues(x, y);
+  }
+
+  public static getDisplayPosition(): vec2 | null {
+    return Pointer.displayPosition;
+  }
+}

frontend/src/scripts/join-form-handler.ts

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export class JoinFormHandler {
 
   private removeServer(server: ServerChooserOption) {
     this.servers = this.servers.filter((s) => s !== server);
-    if (this.servers.length) {
+    if (!this.servers.length) {
       this.joinButton.disabled = true;
     }
   }
@@ -143,16 +143,17 @@ class ServerChooserOption {
     this.setServerInfoLabelText();
 
     this.socket = io(url, {
-      reconnection: false,
+      reconnection: true,
+      reconnectionAttempts: 5,
       timeout: 4000,
       parser,
     } as any);
 
-    // `connect_timeout` was removed in socket.io-client v3+; connection
-    // timeouts now surface through `connect_error` (reconnection is disabled).
-    this.socket.on('connect_error', this.destroy.bind(this));
-    this.socket.on('disconnect', this.destroy.bind(this));
-    this.socket.emit(TransportEvents.SubscribeForServerInfoUpdates);
+    this.socket.io.on('reconnect_failed', this.destroy.bind(this));
+
+    this.socket.on('connect', () =>
+      this.socket.emit(TransportEvents.SubscribeForServerInfoUpdates),
+    );
     this.socket.on(
       TransportEvents.ServerInfoUpdate,
       ([playerCount, gameState]: [number, number]) => {

frontend/src/scripts/objects/game-object-container.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { StepCommand } from '../commands/types/step';
 import { Game } from '../game';
 import { Camera } from './types/camera';
 import { CharacterView } from './types/character-view';
+import { PlanetView } from './types/planet-view';
 
 export class GameObjectContainer extends CommandReceiver {
   protected objects: Map<Id, GameObject> = new Map();
@@ -57,6 +58,16 @@ export class GameObjectContainer extends CommandReceiver {
     super();
   }
 
+  public get planets(): Array<PlanetView> {
+    const planets: Array<PlanetView> = [];
+    this.objects.forEach((o) => {
+      if (o instanceof PlanetView) {
+        planets.push(o);
+      }
+    });
+    return planets;
+  }
+
   protected defaultCommandExecutor(c: Command) {
     this.objects.forEach((o) => o.handleCommand(c));
     this.camera.handleCommand(c);

frontend/src/scripts/objects/types/character-view.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
+import { CircleLight, Renderer } from 'sdf-2d';
 
 import {
   Circle,
@@ -6,6 +7,9 @@ import {
   CharacterBase,
   CharacterTeam,
   settings,
+  clamp,
+  clamp01,
+  mix,
   CommandExecutors,
   UpdatePropertyCommand,
 } from 'shared';
@@ -13,15 +17,36 @@ import { BeforeDestroyCommand } from '../../commands/types/before-destroy';
 import { RenderCommand } from '../../commands/types/render';
 import { StepCommand } from '../../commands/types/step';
 import { CircleExtrapolator } from '../../helper/extrapolators/circle-extrapolator';
-import { BlobShape } from '../../shapes/blob-shape';
+import { LinearExtrapolator } from '../../helper/extrapolators/linear-extrapolator';
+import { Pointer } from '../../helper/pointer';
+import { CharacterShape } from '../../shapes/character-shape';
 import { SoundHandler, Sounds } from '../../sound-handler';
 import { VibrationHandler } from '../../vibration-handler';
+import { FeedbackHud } from '../../feedback-hud';
+
+const muzzleFlashDecaySeconds = 0.12;
+const hitFlashDecaySeconds = 0.15;
+
+const killIcon =
+  '<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">' +
+  '<path d="M6.2,2.44L18.1,14.34L20.22,12.22L21.63,13.63L19.16,16.1L22.34,19.28C22.73,19.67 22.73,20.3 22.34,20.69L21.63,21.4C21.24,21.79 20.61,21.79 20.22,21.4L17,18.23L14.56,20.7L13.15,19.29L15.27,17.17L3.37,5.27V2.44H6.2M15.89,10L20.63,5.26V2.44H17.8L13.06,7.18L15.89,10M10.94,15L8.11,12.13L5.9,14.34L3.78,12.22L2.37,13.63L4.84,16.1L1.66,19.28C1.27,19.67 1.27,20.3 1.66,20.69L2.37,21.4C2.76,21.79 3.39,21.79 3.78,21.4L7,18.23L9.42,20.7L10.83,19.29L8.71,17.17L10.94,15Z"/></svg>';
+const deathIcon =
+  '<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">' +
+  '<path d="M12,2A9,9 0 0,0 3,11C3,14.03 4.53,16.82 7,18.47V22H9V19H11V22H13V19H15V18.46C17.47,16.81 19,14.03 19,11A9,9 0 0,0 12,2M8,11A2,2 0 0,1 10,13A2,2 0 0,1 8,15A2,2 0 0,1 6,13A2,2 0 0,1 8,11M16,11A2,2 0 0,1 18,13A2,2 0 0,1 16,15A2,2 0 0,1 14,13A2,2 0 0,1 16,11Z"/></svg>';
 
 export class CharacterView extends CharacterBase {
-  private shape: BlobShape;
+  private shape: CharacterShape;
+  private muzzleFlash: CircleLight;
+  private muzzleFlashIntensity = 0;
+  private hitFlashIntensity = 0;
+  private strength = settings.playerMaxStrength;
+  private strengthExtrapolator = new LinearExtrapolator(settings.playerMaxStrength);
   private nameElement: HTMLElement = document.createElement('div');
   private statsElement: HTMLElement = document.createElement('div');
+  private killCountElement: HTMLElement = document.createElement('span');
+  private deathCountElement: HTMLElement = document.createElement('span');
   private healthElement: HTMLElement = document.createElement('div');
+  private chargeElement: HTMLElement = document.createElement('div');
 
   public isMainCharacter = false;
 
@@ -48,7 +73,12 @@ export class CharacterView extends CharacterBase {
     rightFoot?: Circle,
   ) {
     super(id, name, killCount, deathCount, team, health, head, leftFoot, rightFoot);
-    this.shape = new BlobShape(settings.colorIndices[team]);
+    this.shape = new CharacterShape(settings.colorIndices[team]);
+    this.muzzleFlash = new CircleLight(
+      vec2.clone(this.head!.center),
+      settings.paletteDim[settings.colorIndices[team]],
+      0,
+    );
 
     this.leftFootExtrapolator = new CircleExtrapolator(this.leftFoot!);
     this.rightFootExtrapolator = new CircleExtrapolator(this.rightFoot!);
@@ -56,7 +86,24 @@ export class CharacterView extends CharacterBase {
 
     this.nameElement.className = 'player-tag ' + this.team;
     this.nameElement.innerText = this.name;
+    this.healthElement.className = 'health';
+    this.chargeElement.className = 'charge';
+
+    this.statsElement.className = 'stats';
+    this.killCountElement.className = 'value';
+    this.deathCountElement.className = 'value';
+    const killStat = document.createElement('span');
+    killStat.className = 'stat kills';
+    killStat.innerHTML = killIcon;
+    killStat.appendChild(this.killCountElement);
+    const deathStat = document.createElement('span');
+    deathStat.className = 'stat deaths';
+    deathStat.innerHTML = deathIcon;
+    deathStat.appendChild(this.deathCountElement);
+    this.statsElement.append(killStat, deathStat);
+
     this.nameElement.appendChild(this.healthElement);
+    this.nameElement.appendChild(this.chargeElement);
     this.nameElement.appendChild(this.statsElement);
   }
 
@@ -64,6 +111,29 @@ export class CharacterView extends CharacterBase {
     return this.head!.center;
   }
 
+  public get bodyCenter(): vec2 {
+    const center = vec2.add(vec2.create(), this.head!.center, this.leftFoot!.center);
+    vec2.add(center, center, this.rightFoot!.center);
+    return vec2.scale(center, center, 1 / 3);
+  }
+
+  public get facingDirection(): vec2 {
+    const footAverage = vec2.add(
+      vec2.create(),
+      this.leftFoot!.center,
+      this.rightFoot!.center,
+    );
+    vec2.scale(footAverage, footAverage, 0.5);
+    const forward = vec2.subtract(footAverage, this.head!.center, footAverage);
+    return vec2.length(forward) > 0
+      ? vec2.normalize(forward, forward)
+      : vec2.fromValues(0, 1);
+  }
+
+  public get strengthFraction(): number {
+    return clamp01(this.strength / settings.playerMaxStrength);
+  }
+
   private updateProperty({
     propertyKey,
     propertyValue,
@@ -78,18 +148,25 @@ export class CharacterView extends CharacterBase {
     if (propertyKey === 'rightFoot') {
       this.rightFootExtrapolator.addFrame(propertyValue, rateOfChange);
     }
+    if (propertyKey === 'strength') {
+      this.strengthExtrapolator.addFrame(propertyValue, rateOfChange);
+    }
   }
 
   public setHealth(health: number) {
-    const previousHealth = this.health;
+    const damage = this.health - health;
     super.setHealth(health);
+
+    if (damage > 0) {
       SoundHandler.play(
         Sounds.hit,
-      (0.4 * 2 * (previousHealth - health)) / settings.playerMaxStrength,
+        Math.min(1, (0.8 * damage) / settings.playerMaxStrength),
       );
+      this.hitFlashIntensity = Math.min(1, 0.4 + damage / settings.playerMaxStrength);
 
       if (this.isMainCharacter) {
-      VibrationHandler.vibrate(Math.min(200, (previousHealth - this.health) * 4));
+        VibrationHandler.vibrate(Math.min(200, damage * 4));
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -99,14 +176,58 @@ export class CharacterView extends CharacterBase {
     }
   }
 
+  public onHitConfirmed() {
+    if (!this.isMainCharacter) {
+      return;
+    }
+    SoundHandler.play(Sounds.click, 0.4, 1.7);
+    FeedbackHud.hitMarker();
+  }
+
+  public onKillConfirmed(victimName?: string, streak = 1) {
+    if (!this.isMainCharacter) {
+      return;
+    }
+    SoundHandler.play(Sounds.click, 1, 0.7);
+    VibrationHandler.vibrate(60);
+    FeedbackHud.killConfirmed(victimName, streak);
+  }
+
   private step({ deltaTimeInSeconds }: StepCommand): void {
     this.head! = this.headExtrapolator.getValue(deltaTimeInSeconds);
     this.leftFoot! = this.leftFootExtrapolator.getValue(deltaTimeInSeconds);
     this.rightFoot! = this.rightFootExtrapolator.getValue(deltaTimeInSeconds);
+
+    this.strength = clamp(
+      this.strengthExtrapolator.getValue(deltaTimeInSeconds),
+      0,
+      settings.playerMaxStrength,
+    );
+
+    if (this.muzzleFlashIntensity > 0) {
+      this.muzzleFlashIntensity = Math.max(
+        0,
+        this.muzzleFlashIntensity - deltaTimeInSeconds / muzzleFlashDecaySeconds,
+      );
+      this.muzzleFlash.center = this.head!.center;
+      this.muzzleFlash.intensity = this.muzzleFlashIntensity;
+    }
+
+    if (this.hitFlashIntensity > 0) {
+      this.hitFlashIntensity = Math.max(
+        0,
+        this.hitFlashIntensity - deltaTimeInSeconds / hitFlashDecaySeconds,
+      );
+    }
   }
 
   public onShoot(strength: number) {
-    SoundHandler.play(Sounds.shoot, (0.6 * strength) / settings.playerMaxStrength);
+    const q = clamp01(
+      (strength - settings.chargeShotStrengthMin) /
+      (settings.chargeShotStrengthMax - settings.chargeShotStrengthMin),
+    );
+    SoundHandler.play(Sounds.shoot, mix(0.55, 1, q), mix(1.15, 0.8, q));
+    this.muzzleFlashIntensity = mix(0.35, 1, q);
   }
 
   private beforeDestroy(): void {
@@ -127,15 +248,34 @@ export class CharacterView extends CharacterBase {
 
       this.healthElement.style.width =
         (50 * this.health) / settings.playerMaxHealth + 'px';
-      this.statsElement.innerText = this.getStatsText();
+      this.chargeElement.style.width =
+        (50 * this.strength) / settings.playerMaxStrength + 'px';
+      this.killCountElement.innerText = String(this.killCount);
+      this.deathCountElement.innerText = String(this.deathCount);
     }
 
+    this.shape.hitFlash = this.hitFlashIntensity;
+    this.shape.gazeTarget = this.calculateGazeTarget(renderer);
     this.shape.setCircles([this.head!, this.leftFoot!, this.rightFoot!]);
     renderer.addDrawable(this.shape);
+
+    if (this.muzzleFlashIntensity > 0) {
+      renderer.addDrawable(this.muzzleFlash);
+    }
   }
 
-  private getStatsText(): string {
-    return `${this.killCount}⚔/${this.deathCount}☠`;
+  private calculateGazeTarget(renderer: Renderer): vec2 {
+    const cursor = Pointer.getDisplayPosition();
+    if (this.isMainCharacter && cursor) {
+      return renderer.displayToWorldCoordinates(cursor);
+    }
+
+    return vec2.scaleAndAdd(
+      vec2.create(),
+      this.head!.center,
+      this.facingDirection,
+      this.head!.radius * 8,
+    );
   }
 
   private calculateTextPosition(): vec2 {

frontend/src/scripts/objects/types/lamp-view.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,36 @@
 import { vec2, vec3 } from 'gl-matrix';
 import { CircleLight } from 'sdf-2d';
-import { CommandExecutors, Id, LampBase } from 'shared';
+import { CommandExecutors, Id, LampBase, mixRgb, settings } from 'shared';
 import { RenderCommand } from '../../commands/types/render';
+import { StepCommand } from '../../commands/types/step';
 
 export class LampView extends LampBase {
   private light: CircleLight;
 
+  private targetColor: vec3;
+  private targetLightness: number;
+
   protected commandExecutors: CommandExecutors = {
     [RenderCommand.type]: this.draw.bind(this),
+    [StepCommand.type]: this.step.bind(this),
   };
 
   constructor(id: Id, center: vec2, color: vec3, lightness: number) {
     super(id, center, color, lightness);
-    this.light = new CircleLight(center, color, lightness);
+    this.light = new CircleLight(vec2.clone(center), vec3.clone(color), lightness);
+    this.targetColor = vec3.clone(color);
+    this.targetLightness = lightness;
+  }
+
+  public setLight(color: vec3, lightness: number) {
+    this.targetColor = vec3.clone(color);
+    this.targetLightness = lightness;
+  }
+
+  private step({ deltaTimeInSeconds }: StepCommand): void {
+    const t = 1 - Math.exp(-deltaTimeInSeconds / settings.lampLerpSeconds);
+    this.light.color = mixRgb(this.light.color, this.targetColor, t);
+    this.light.intensity += (this.targetLightness - this.light.intensity) * t;
   }
 
   private draw({ renderer }: RenderCommand): void {

frontend/src/scripts/objects/types/planet-view.ts

@@ -1,21 +1,49 @@
-import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
-import { Id, Random, PlanetBase, UpdatePropertyCommand, CommandExecutors } from 'shared';
+import { vec2, vec3 } from 'gl-matrix';
+import { CircleLight } from 'sdf-2d';
+import {
+  Id,
+  Random,
+  PlanetBase,
+  UpdatePropertyCommand,
+  CommandExecutors,
+  CharacterTeam,
+  settings,
+} from 'shared';
 import { BeforeDestroyCommand } from '../../commands/types/before-destroy';
 import { RenderCommand } from '../../commands/types/render';
 import { StepCommand } from '../../commands/types/step';
 import { PlanetShape } from '../../shapes/planet-shape';
 
-type FallingPoint = {
-  velocity: vec2;
-  position: vec2;
-  element: HTMLElement;
-  addedToOverlay: boolean;
-  timeToLive: number;
-};
+const fallingPointLifetimeMs = 2000;
+
+// Global budget for simultaneously-lit capture flares, so a clustered wave of
+// captures can never white out the SDF exposure — excess flips still pulse the
+// ring and toast, they just skip the extra light. The acquire/release pair keeps
+// the count in one place instead of being hand-maintained at every call site.
+abstract class FlareBudget {
+  private static active = 0;
+
+  public static tryAcquire(): boolean {
+    if (FlareBudget.active >= settings.maxConcurrentFlipFlares) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    FlareBudget.active++;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public static release(): void {
+    FlareBudget.active = Math.max(0, FlareBudget.active - 1);
+  }
+}
 
 export class PlanetView extends PlanetBase {
   private shape: PlanetShape;
   private ownershipProgress: HTMLElement;
+  private readonly rotationSpeed: number;
+
+  private flareLight?: CircleLight;
+  private flareIntensity = 0;
+  private holdsFlareSlot = false;
 
   protected commandExecutors: CommandExecutors = {
     [RenderCommand.type]: this.draw.bind(this),
@@ -27,45 +55,69 @@ export class PlanetView extends PlanetBase {
   constructor(id: Id, vertices: Array<vec2>, ownership: number) {
     super(id, vertices);
     this.shape = new PlanetShape(vertices, ownership);
-    (this.shape as any).randomOffset = Random.getRandom();
+    this.shape.randomOffset = Random.getRandom();
+    this.rotationSpeed =
+      (0.05 + Random.getRandom() * 0.07) * (Random.getRandom() < 0.5 ? -1 : 1);
 
     this.ownershipProgress = document.createElement('div');
     this.ownershipProgress.className = 'ownership';
   }
 
   private step({ deltaTimeInSeconds }: StepCommand): void {
-    this.shape.randomOffset += deltaTimeInSeconds / 4;
+    this.shape.rotation += deltaTimeInSeconds * this.rotationSpeed;
     this.shape.colorMixQ = this.ownership;
 
-    this.generatedPointElements.forEach((p) => {
-      vec2.add(
-        p.velocity,
-        p.velocity,
-        vec2.scale(vec2.create(), vec2.fromValues(0, 50), deltaTimeInSeconds),
+    if (this.flareIntensity > 0) {
+      this.flareIntensity = Math.max(
+        0,
+        this.flareIntensity - deltaTimeInSeconds / settings.lampFlareDecaySeconds,
       );
 
-      vec2.add(
-        p.position,
-        p.position,
-        vec2.scale(vec2.create(), p.velocity, deltaTimeInSeconds),
-      );
-
-      p.timeToLive -= deltaTimeInSeconds;
-    });
+      if (this.flareLight) {
+        this.flareLight.intensity =
+          settings.lampFlareIntensity * this.flareIntensity * this.flareIntensity;
       }
 
-  private generatedPointElements: Array<FallingPoint> = [];
+      if (this.flareIntensity === 0) {
+        this.releaseFlareSlot();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private releaseFlareSlot(): void {
+    if (this.holdsFlareSlot) {
+      this.holdsFlareSlot = false;
+      FlareBudget.release();
+    }
+  }
 
   private lastGeneratedPoint?: number;
   public generatedPoints(value: number) {
     this.lastGeneratedPoint = value;
   }
 
+  public onFlipped(team: CharacterTeam): void {
+    const color = settings.palette[settings.colorIndices[team]];
+
+    if (!this.flareLight) {
+      this.flareLight = new CircleLight(vec2.clone(this.center), vec3.clone(color), 0);
+    } else {
+      this.flareLight.color = vec3.clone(color);
+    }
+
+    if (!this.holdsFlareSlot) {
+      if (!FlareBudget.tryAcquire()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.holdsFlareSlot = true;
+    }
+
+    this.flareIntensity = 1;
+  }
+
   private beforeDestroy(): void {
     this.ownershipProgress.parentElement?.removeChild(this.ownershipProgress);
-    this.generatedPointElements.forEach((p) =>
-      p.element.parentElement?.removeChild(p.element),
-    );
+    this.releaseFlareSlot();
   }
 
   private updateProperty({ propertyValue }: UpdatePropertyCommand): void {
@@ -80,26 +132,6 @@ export class PlanetView extends PlanetBase {
 
       const screenPosition = renderer.worldToDisplayCoordinates(this.center);
 
-      this.generatedPointElements.forEach((p) => {
-        if (!p.addedToOverlay) {
-          overlay.appendChild(p.element);
-        }
-
-        p.element.style.transform = `translateX(${
-          screenPosition.x + p.position.x
-        }px) translateY(${screenPosition.y + p.position.y}px)`;
-
-        if (p.timeToLive <= 0) {
-          p.element.parentElement?.removeChild(p.element);
-        } else {
-          p.element.style.opacity = Math.min(1, p.timeToLive).toString();
-        }
-      });
-
-      this.generatedPointElements = this.generatedPointElements.filter(
-        (p) => p.timeToLive > 0,
-      );
-
       this.ownershipProgress.style.transform = `translateX(${screenPosition.x}px) translateY(${screenPosition.y}px) translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%)`;
       this.ownershipProgress.style.background = this.getGradient();
 
@@ -107,19 +139,23 @@ export class PlanetView extends PlanetBase {
         const element = document.createElement('div');
         element.className = 'falling-point ' + (this.ownership < 0.5 ? 'decla' : 'red');
         element.innerText = '+' + this.lastGeneratedPoint;
-        this.generatedPointElements.push({
-          element,
-          addedToOverlay: false,
-          timeToLive: Random.getRandomInRange(2, 3),
-          position: vec2.create(),
-          velocity: vec2.fromValues(Random.getRandomInRange(-30, 30), 0),
-        });
+        element.style.left = `${screenPosition.x}px`;
+        element.style.top = `${screenPosition.y}px`;
+        overlay.appendChild(element);
+        setTimeout(
+          () => element.parentElement?.removeChild(element),
+          fallingPointLifetimeMs,
+        );
 
         this.lastGeneratedPoint = undefined;
       }
     }
 
     renderer.addDrawable(this.shape);
+
+    if (this.flareIntensity > 0 && this.flareLight) {
+      renderer.addDrawable(this.flareLight);
+    }
   }
 
   private getGradient(): string {

frontend/src/scripts/objects/types/projectile-view.ts

@@ -48,7 +48,10 @@ export class ProjectileView extends ProjectileBase {
 
     this.center = this.centerExtrapolator.getValue(deltaTimeInSeconds);
     this.light.center = this.center;
-    this.light.intensity = (0.15 * this.strength) / settings.projectileMaxStrength;
+    this.light.intensity = Math.min(
+      0.1,
+      (0.15 * this.strength) / settings.projectileMaxStrength,
+    );
   }
 
   private draw({ renderer }: RenderCommand): void {

frontend/src/scripts/scoreboard.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { CharacterTeam, UpdateGameState, clamp, settings } from 'shared';
+
+// Centred tug-of-war territory bar. The two fills meet at the bar's centre and
+// grow outward by each team's share of the score limit, so the meeting point
+// reads as the lead at a glance. Numeric scores are overlaid (the leader's is
+// emphasised) and a "YOU" tick marks the local team's half. Owns its own DOM so
+// the Game just appends `element` to the overlay and feeds it `update()`.
+export class Scoreboard {
+  public readonly element = document.createElement('div');
+
+  private readonly declaFill = document.createElement('div');
+  private readonly redFill = document.createElement('div');
+  private readonly declaScore = document.createElement('span');
+  private readonly redScore = document.createElement('span');
+  private readonly youMarker = document.createElement('div');
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.element.className = 'planet-progress';
+
+    this.declaFill.className = 'fill decla';
+    this.redFill.className = 'fill red';
+
+    this.declaScore.className = 'score decla';
+    this.redScore.className = 'score red';
+
+    this.youMarker.className = 'you-marker';
+    this.youMarker.innerText = 'YOU';
+
+    this.element.append(
+      this.declaFill,
+      this.redFill,
+      this.declaScore,
+      this.redScore,
+      this.youMarker,
+    );
+  }
+
+  public update(
+    { declaCount, redCount, limit }: UpdateGameState,
+    localTeam: CharacterTeam | undefined,
+  ) {
+    const { scoreboardHalfWidthPercent, scoreboardMinFillPercent } = settings;
+    const fraction = (count: number) =>
+      Math.max(
+        count > 0 ? scoreboardMinFillPercent : 0,
+        clamp(count / limit, 0, 1) * scoreboardHalfWidthPercent,
+      );
+
+    this.declaFill.style.width = fraction(declaCount) + '%';
+    this.redFill.style.width = fraction(redCount) + '%';
+
+    const isMatchPoint = (count: number) =>
+      count / limit >= settings.matchPointScoreRatio;
+    this.declaFill.classList.toggle('match-point', isMatchPoint(declaCount));
+    this.redFill.classList.toggle('match-point', isMatchPoint(redCount));
+
+    this.declaScore.innerText = String(Math.round(declaCount));
+    this.redScore.innerText = String(Math.round(redCount));
+
+    this.declaScore.classList.toggle('leading', declaCount > redCount);
+    this.redScore.classList.toggle('leading', redCount > declaCount);
+
+    if (localTeam === CharacterTeam.decla || localTeam === CharacterTeam.red) {
+      this.youMarker.style.display = '';
+      this.youMarker.classList.toggle('decla', localTeam === CharacterTeam.decla);
+      this.youMarker.classList.toggle('red', localTeam === CharacterTeam.red);
+    } else {
+      this.youMarker.style.display = 'none';
+    }
+  }
+}

frontend/src/scripts/shapes/blob-shape.ts

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-import { mat2d, vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
-import { Drawable, DrawableDescriptor } from 'sdf-2d';
-import { Circle } from 'shared';
-
-export class BlobShape extends Drawable {
-  public static descriptor: DrawableDescriptor = {
-    sdf: {
-      shader: `
-      uniform vec2 headCenters[BLOB_COUNT];
-      uniform vec2 leftFootCenters[BLOB_COUNT];
-      uniform vec2 rightFootCenters[BLOB_COUNT];
-      uniform float headRadii[BLOB_COUNT];
-      uniform float footRadii[BLOB_COUNT];
-      uniform int blobColors[BLOB_COUNT];
-
-      float blobSmoothMin(float a, float b)
-      {
-        const highp float k = 300.0;
-        highp float res = exp2(-k * a) + exp2(-k * b);
-        return -log2(res) / k;
-      }
-
-      float circleDistance(vec2 circleCenter, float radius, vec2 target) {
-        return distance(target, circleCenter) - radius;
-      }
-
-      float blobMinDistance(vec2 target, out vec4 color) {
-        float minDistance = 1000.0;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < BLOB_COUNT; i++) {
-          float headDistance = circleDistance(headCenters[i], headRadii[i], target);
-          float leftFootDistance = circleDistance(leftFootCenters[i], footRadii[i], target);
-          float rightFootDistance = circleDistance(rightFootCenters[i], footRadii[i], target);
-
-          float res = min(
-            blobSmoothMin(headDistance, leftFootDistance),
-            blobSmoothMin(headDistance, rightFootDistance)
-          );
-
-          vec2 leftEyeOffset = vec2(-headRadii[i] * 0.35, headRadii[i] * 0.2);
-          vec2 rightEyeOffset = vec2(headRadii[i] * 0.35, headRadii[i] * 0.2);
-
-          float eyeDistance = min(
-            circleDistance(headCenters[i] + rightEyeOffset, headRadii[i] * 0.25, target),
-            circleDistance(headCenters[i] + leftEyeOffset, headRadii[i] * 0.25, target)
-          );
-
-          eyeDistance = max(
-            eyeDistance,
-            -circleDistance(headCenters[i] + leftEyeOffset + vec2(0, -headRadii[i] * 0.175), headRadii[i] * 0.2, target)
-          );
-          
-          eyeDistance = max(
-            eyeDistance,
-            -circleDistance(headCenters[i] + rightEyeOffset + vec2(0, -headRadii[i] * 0.175), headRadii[i] * 0.2, target)
-          );
-
-          if (res < minDistance) {
-            minDistance = res;
-            color = eyeDistance < 0.0 ? vec4(1.0) : readFromPalette(blobColors[i]);
-          }
-        }
-
-        return minDistance;
-      }
-    `,
-      distanceFunctionName: 'blobMinDistance',
-    },
-    propertyUniformMapping: {
-      footRadius: 'footRadii',
-      headRadius: 'headRadii',
-      rightFootCenter: 'rightFootCenters',
-      leftFootCenter: 'leftFootCenters',
-      headCenter: 'headCenters',
-      color: 'blobColors',
-    },
-    uniformCountMacroName: 'BLOB_COUNT',
-    shaderCombinationSteps: [0, 1, 2, 8],
-    empty: new BlobShape(0),
-  };
-
-  protected head!: Circle;
-  protected leftFoot!: Circle;
-  protected rightFoot!: Circle;
-
-  public constructor(private readonly color: number) {
-    super();
-
-    const circle = new Circle(vec2.create(), 200);
-    this.setCircles([circle, circle, circle]);
-  }
-
-  public setCircles([head, leftFoot, rightFoot]: [Circle, Circle, Circle]) {
-    this.head = head;
-    this.leftFoot = leftFoot;
-    this.rightFoot = rightFoot;
-  }
-
-  public minDistance(target: vec2): number {
-    return Math.min(
-      this.head.distance(target),
-      this.leftFoot.distance(target),
-      this.rightFoot.distance(target),
-    );
-  }
-
-  protected getObjectToSerialize(transform2d: mat2d, transform1d: number): any {
-    return {
-      headCenter: vec2.transformMat2d(vec2.create(), this.head.center, transform2d),
-      leftFootCenter: vec2.transformMat2d(
-        vec2.create(),
-        this.leftFoot.center,
-        transform2d,
-      ),
-      rightFootCenter: vec2.transformMat2d(
-        vec2.create(),
-        this.rightFoot.center,
-        transform2d,
-      ),
-      headRadius: this.head.radius * transform1d,
-      footRadius: this.leftFoot.radius * transform1d,
-      color: this.color,
-    };
-  }
-}

frontend/src/scripts/shapes/character-shape.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+import { mat2d, vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
+import { Drawable, DrawableDescriptor } from 'sdf-2d';
+import { Circle } from 'shared';
+
+// A single character silhouette shared by every team (teams differ only by
+// colour): a circular head sitting on two thin line-legs that run down to the
+// two feet.
+export class CharacterShape extends Drawable {
+  public static descriptor: DrawableDescriptor = {
+    sdf: {
+      shader: `
+      uniform vec2 characterHeadCenters[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+      uniform vec2 characterLeftFeet[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+      uniform vec2 characterRightFeet[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+      uniform vec2 characterGazeTargets[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+      uniform float characterHeadRadii[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+      uniform float characterFootRadii[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+      uniform int characterColors[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+      uniform float characterFlash[CHARACTER_COUNT];
+
+      float circleDistance(vec2 circleCenter, float radius, vec2 target) {
+        return distance(target, circleCenter) - radius;
+      }
+
+      // Distance to the segment a->b; subtract a radius to get a capsule (a
+      // rounded thick line).
+      float segmentDistance(vec2 a, vec2 b, vec2 target) {
+        vec2 pa = target - a;
+        vec2 ba = b - a;
+        float h = clamp(dot(pa, ba) / dot(ba, ba), 0.0, 1.0);
+        return length(pa - ba * h);
+      }
+
+      float characterMinDistance(vec2 target, out vec4 color) {
+        float minDistance = 1000.0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < CHARACTER_COUNT; i++) {
+          vec2 head = characterHeadCenters[i];
+          vec2 leftFoot = characterLeftFeet[i];
+          vec2 rightFoot = characterRightFeet[i];
+          float headRadius = characterHeadRadii[i];
+          float footRadius = characterFootRadii[i];
+
+          // The server rotates the whole posture toward travel, so the head
+          // leads: forward is the facing direction, perp its 90deg rotation, so
+          // the face sits on the leading side and reads at any rotation.
+          vec2 footAverage = (leftFoot + rightFoot) * 0.5;
+          vec2 toHead = head - footAverage;
+          float toHeadLength = length(toHead);
+          vec2 forward = toHeadLength > 0.001 ? toHead / toHeadLength : vec2(0.0, 1.0);
+          vec2 perp = vec2(-forward.y, forward.x);
+
+          // A circular head, drawn a bit smaller than the head->feet gap so the
+          // legs below it read as two distinct LINES rather than being swallowed
+          // by the head.
+          float renderRadius = headRadius * 0.75;
+          float headDistance = circleDistance(head, renderRadius, target);
+
+          // Legs as thin line-segments (capsules) from the head down to each
+          // foot, hard-min'd onto the head so the head stays a crisp circle.
+          float legThickness = footRadius * 0.35;
+          float leftLeg = segmentDistance(head, leftFoot, target) - legThickness;
+          float rightLeg = segmentDistance(head, rightFoot, target) - legThickness;
+
+          // Rounded feet at the ends of the lines, kept large enough to stay
+          // visible even when the leg is short and the head nearly reaches them.
+          float footRender = footRadius * 0.7;
+          float leftFootDistance = circleDistance(leftFoot, footRender, target);
+          float rightFootDistance = circleDistance(rightFoot, footRender, target);
+
+          float body = min(
+            headDistance,
+            min(min(leftLeg, rightLeg), min(leftFootDistance, rightFootDistance))
+          );
+
+          // Real eyes painted on the leading face — a bright white sclera with a
+          // dark pupil — rather than carved holes, so the character reads as
+          // alive instead of hollow-socketed.
+          // Big white sclera, small pupil: the eye must read as mostly white so
+          // it looks like an eye, not a dark socket. (An 8-bit albedo caps the
+          // sclera at pure white, so its area — not its colour — is what makes
+          // the eye read brighter against the body.)
+          vec2 eyeBase = head + forward * (renderRadius * 0.26);
+          vec2 leftEyeCenter = eyeBase + perp * (renderRadius * 0.38);
+          vec2 rightEyeCenter = eyeBase - perp * (renderRadius * 0.38);
+          float scleraRadius = renderRadius * 0.26;
+          float pupilRadius = renderRadius * 0.11;
+
+          // The pupil slides toward the gaze target (the cursor for the local
+          // player, otherwise the travel direction), kept well inside the rim so
+          // a generous ring of white always frames it. The normalize is guarded
+          // so a cursor resting exactly on an eye can't produce NaNs.
+          vec2 gazeTarget = characterGazeTargets[i];
+          float pupilReach = (scleraRadius - pupilRadius) * 0.6;
+          vec2 toLeftGaze = gazeTarget - leftEyeCenter;
+          vec2 toRightGaze = gazeTarget - rightEyeCenter;
+          vec2 leftGaze = length(toLeftGaze) > 0.001 ? normalize(toLeftGaze) : forward;
+          vec2 rightGaze = length(toRightGaze) > 0.001 ? normalize(toRightGaze) : forward;
+
+          float sclera = min(
+            circleDistance(leftEyeCenter, scleraRadius, target),
+            circleDistance(rightEyeCenter, scleraRadius, target)
+          );
+          float pupil = min(
+            circleDistance(leftEyeCenter + leftGaze * pupilReach, pupilRadius, target),
+            circleDistance(rightEyeCenter + rightGaze * pupilReach, pupilRadius, target)
+          );
+
+          // Soften each eye edge by at least one screen texel so the colour
+          // boundary antialiases instead of staircasing when the character is
+          // small on screen. The fixed world-space term sets a floor on the
+          // softness when zoomed in; fwidth widens the band to a texel as the
+          // head shrinks. Computed here in uniform control flow — NOT inside the
+          // body branch below — so the screen-space derivatives stay defined.
+          // fwidth needs WebGL2 derivatives (core in GLSL ES 3.00), so the
+          // WebGL1 fallback keeps the plain world-space band.
+          float eyeAaBase = renderRadius * 0.025;
+          #ifdef WEBGL2_IS_AVAILABLE
+            float scleraAa = max(eyeAaBase, fwidth(sclera));
+            float pupilAa = max(eyeAaBase, fwidth(pupil));
+          #else
+            float scleraAa = eyeAaBase;
+            float pupilAa = eyeAaBase;
+          #endif
+
+          if (body < minDistance) {
+            minDistance = body;
+            // Brief white punch when taking a hit.
+            color = mix(
+              readFromPalette(characterColors[i]),
+              vec4(1.0),
+              clamp(characterFlash[i], 0.0, 1.0)
+            );
+
+            // Paint the eyes over the body colour. The sclera albedo is HDR
+            // (>> 1): the shading pass multiplies it by the (often dim, reddish)
+            // scene light before clamping to the screen, so an over-bright white
+            // reads as a clean white eye everywhere instead of dimming into a
+            // dark socket. Needs the float colour buffer in sdf-2d; on 8-bit
+            // fallback it simply clamps back to plain white. The smoothstep
+            // widths (scleraAa / pupilAa, computed above) antialias the colour
+            // boundary in a zoom-aware way.
+            color = mix(color, vec4(10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 1.0), 1.0 - smoothstep(-scleraAa, scleraAa, sclera));
+            color = mix(color, vec4(0.04, 0.04, 0.07, 1.0), 1.0 - smoothstep(-pupilAa, pupilAa, pupil));
+          }
+        }
+
+        return minDistance;
+      }
+    `,
+      distanceFunctionName: 'characterMinDistance',
+    },
+    propertyUniformMapping: {
+      footRadius: 'characterFootRadii',
+      headRadius: 'characterHeadRadii',
+      rightFootCenter: 'characterRightFeet',
+      leftFootCenter: 'characterLeftFeet',
+      headCenter: 'characterHeadCenters',
+      gazeTarget: 'characterGazeTargets',
+      color: 'characterColors',
+      flash: 'characterFlash',
+    },
+    uniformCountMacroName: 'CHARACTER_COUNT',
+    shaderCombinationSteps: [0, 1, 2, 8],
+    empty: new CharacterShape(0),
+  };
+
+  protected head!: Circle;
+  protected leftFoot!: Circle;
+  protected rightFoot!: Circle;
+
+  // 0..1 transient white flash on taking a hit. Set per frame.
+  public hitFlash = 0;
+  // World point the eyes look at; the pupils slide toward it. Set per frame
+  // (the cursor for the local player, the travel direction for everyone else).
+  public gazeTarget = vec2.create();
+
+  public constructor(private readonly color: number) {
+    super();
+
+    const circle = new Circle(vec2.create(), 200);
+    this.setCircles([circle, circle, circle]);
+  }
+
+  public setCircles([head, leftFoot, rightFoot]: [Circle, Circle, Circle]) {
+    this.head = head;
+    this.leftFoot = leftFoot;
+    this.rightFoot = rightFoot;
+  }
+
+  public minDistance(target: vec2): number {
+    return Math.min(
+      this.head.distance(target),
+      this.leftFoot.distance(target),
+      this.rightFoot.distance(target),
+    );
+  }
+
+  protected getObjectToSerialize(transform2d: mat2d, transform1d: number): any {
+    return {
+      headCenter: vec2.transformMat2d(vec2.create(), this.head.center, transform2d),
+      leftFootCenter: vec2.transformMat2d(
+        vec2.create(),
+        this.leftFoot.center,
+        transform2d,
+      ),
+      rightFootCenter: vec2.transformMat2d(
+        vec2.create(),
+        this.rightFoot.center,
+        transform2d,
+      ),
+      gazeTarget: vec2.transformMat2d(vec2.create(), this.gazeTarget, transform2d),
+      headRadius: this.head.radius * transform1d,
+      footRadius: this.leftFoot.radius * transform1d,
+      color: this.color,
+      flash: this.hitFlash,
+    };
+  }
+}

frontend/src/scripts/shapes/planet-shape.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ export class PlanetShape extends PolygonFactory(settings.planetEdgeCount, 0) {
           uniform float planetLengths[PLANET_COUNT];
           uniform float planetRandoms[PLANET_COUNT];
           uniform float planetColorMixQ[PLANET_COUNT];
+          uniform float planetRotations[PLANET_COUNT];
 
           uniform sampler2D noiseTexture;
 
@@ -52,12 +53,20 @@ export class PlanetShape extends PolygonFactory(settings.planetEdgeCount, 0) {
               vec2 center = planetCenters[j];
               float l = planetLengths[j];
               float randomOffset = planetRandoms[j];
+              float rotation = planetRotations[j];
               vec2 targetCenterDelta = target - center;
               float targetDistance = length(targetCenterDelta);
               vec2 targetTangent = targetCenterDelta / clamp(targetDistance, 0.01, 1000.0);
+
+              float cr = cos(rotation);
+              float sr = sin(rotation);
+              vec2 rotatedTangent = vec2(
+                cr * targetTangent.x - sr * targetTangent.y,
+                sr * targetTangent.x + cr * targetTangent.y
+              );
               vec2 noisyTarget = target - (
                 targetTangent * planetTerrain(vec2(
-                  l * abs(atan(targetTangent.y, targetTangent.x)),
+                  l * abs(atan(rotatedTangent.y, rotatedTangent.x)),
                   randomOffset
                 )) / 12.0
               );
@@ -105,6 +114,7 @@ export class PlanetShape extends PolygonFactory(settings.planetEdgeCount, 0) {
       center: 'planetCenters',
       vertices: 'planetVertices',
       colorMixQ: 'planetColorMixQ',
+      rotation: 'planetRotations',
     },
     uniformCountMacroName: `PLANET_COUNT`,
     shaderCombinationSteps: [0, 1, 2, 3],
@@ -112,6 +122,7 @@ export class PlanetShape extends PolygonFactory(settings.planetEdgeCount, 0) {
   };
 
   public randomOffset = 0;
+  public rotation = 0;
 
   constructor(
     public vertices: Array<vec2>,
@@ -142,6 +153,7 @@ export class PlanetShape extends PolygonFactory(settings.planetEdgeCount, 0) {
       length,
       random: this.randomOffset,
       colorMixQ: this.colorMixQ,
+      rotation: this.rotation,
     };
   }
 

frontend/src/scripts/sound-handler.ts

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export abstract class SoundHandler {
     return sound;
   }
 
-  public static play(sound: Sounds, volume = 1) {
+  public static play(sound: Sounds, volume = 1, playbackRate = 1) {
     if (!this.initialized || !OptionsHandler.options.soundsEnabled) {
       return;
     }
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ export abstract class SoundHandler {
       this.sounds[sound].currentTime > 0
         ? (this.sounds[sound].cloneNode(true) as HTMLAudioElement)
         : this.sounds[sound];
-    audio.volume = volume;
+    audio.volume = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, volume));
+    audio.playbackRate = playbackRate;
     audio.play();
   }
 

frontend/src/scripts/tutorial.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
+import {
+  CharacterTeam,
+  CommandExecutors,
+  CommandReceiver,
+  Id,
+  MoveActionCommand,
+  PrimaryActionCommand,
+} from 'shared';
+import { GameObjectContainer } from './objects/game-object-container';
+import { PlanetView } from './objects/types/planet-view';
+
+type StageTrigger = 'move' | 'shoot' | 'capture';
+
+const stages: ReadonlyArray<{ hint: string; clearsOn: StageTrigger }> = [
+  { hint: 'WASD / drag to walk', clearsOn: 'move' },
+  { hint: 'Click / tap to shoot', clearsOn: 'shoot' },
+  { hint: 'Stand on a planet to capture it', clearsOn: 'capture' },
+];
+
+const captureProgressThreshold = 0.05;
+
+const standingSlack = 200;
+
+export class Tutorial extends CommandReceiver {
+  private stage = 0;
+  private element = document.createElement('div');
+
+  private characterId?: Id;
+
+  private standingPlanet?: PlanetView;
+  private standingBaseline = 0;
+
+  protected commandExecutors: CommandExecutors = {
+    [MoveActionCommand.type]: (c: MoveActionCommand) => {
+      if (this.clearsOn() === 'move' && vec2.length(c.direction) > 0) {
+        this.advance();
+      }
+    },
+    [PrimaryActionCommand.type]: () => {
+      if (this.clearsOn() === 'shoot') {
+        this.advance();
+      }
+    },
+  };
+
+  constructor(overlay: HTMLElement) {
+    super();
+    this.element.className = 'tutorial-hint';
+    this.element.innerText = stages[0].hint;
+    overlay.appendChild(this.element);
+  }
+
+  private clearsOn(): StageTrigger | undefined {
+    return stages[this.stage]?.clearsOn;
+  }
+
+  private advance() {
+    this.setStage(this.stage + 1);
+  }
+
+  public step(gameObjects: GameObjectContainer) {
+    if (this.stage >= stages.length) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const player = gameObjects.player;
+    if (!player) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.characterId === undefined) {
+      this.characterId = player.id;
+    } else if (player.id !== this.characterId) {
+      this.finish();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.clearsOn() === 'capture') {
+      const standing = gameObjects.planets.find(
+        (p) => vec2.distance(p.center, player.bodyCenter) < p.radius + standingSlack,
+      );
+      if (standing !== this.standingPlanet) {
+        this.standingPlanet = standing;
+        this.standingBaseline = standing?.ownership ?? 0;
+      }
+      if (standing) {
+        const drift = standing.ownership - this.standingBaseline;
+        const progress = player.team === CharacterTeam.decla ? -drift : drift;
+        if (progress > captureProgressThreshold) {
+          this.finish();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private finish() {
+    this.setStage(stages.length);
+  }
+
+  private setStage(stage: number) {
+    this.stage = stage;
+    this.element.innerText = stages[stage]?.hint ?? '';
+  }
+}

frontend/webpack.config.js

@@ -137,12 +137,6 @@ module.exports = (env, argv) => {
     },
     resolve: {
       extensions: ['.ts', '.js', '.json'],
-      alias: {
-        // sdf-2d's package.json `exports` only declares an `import` condition,
-        // which webpack 5 cannot resolve for the production (require) build.
-        // Point straight at its entry to bypass package exports resolution.
-        'sdf-2d$': path.resolve(__dirname, 'node_modules/sdf-2d/lib/main.js'),
-      },
     },
   };
 };

shared/src/commands/types/actions/primary-action.ts

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ import { Command } from '../../command';
 
 @serializable
 export class PrimaryActionCommand extends Command {
-  public constructor(public readonly position: vec2) {
+  public constructor(
+    public readonly position: vec2,
+    public readonly charge: number = 0,
+  ) {
     super();
   }
 
   public toArray(): Array<any> {
-    return [this.position];
+    return [this.position, this.charge];
   }
 }

shared/src/commands/types/actions/secondary-action.ts

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-import { vec2 } from 'gl-matrix';
-import { serializable } from '../../../serialization/serializable';
-import { Command } from '../../command';
-
-@serializable
-export class SecondaryActionCommand extends Command {
-  public constructor(public readonly position: vec2) {
-    super();
-  }
-
-  public toArray(): Array<any> {
-    return [this.position];
-  }
-}

shared/src/helper/charge.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import { clamp01 } from './clamp';
+import { settings } from '../settings';
+
+export const holdDurationToCharge = (heldSeconds: number): number =>
+  clamp01(heldSeconds / settings.chargeShotFullHoldSeconds);

shared/src/main.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ export * from './commands/command-generator';
 export * from './commands/types/actions/move-action';
 export * from './commands/types/actions/primary-action';
 export * from './commands/types/actions/set-aspect-ratio-action';
-export * from './commands/types/actions/secondary-action';
 export * from './helper/array';
 export * from './helper/last';
 export * from './helper/rgb';
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ export * from './helper/hsl';
 export * from './helper/rgb255';
 export * from './helper/mix-rgb';
 export * from './helper/clamp';
+export * from './helper/charge';
 export * from './helper/calculate-view-area';
 export * from './helper/circle';
 export * from './helper/rectangle';

shared/src/objects/types/character-base.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ export class CharacterBase extends GameObject {
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
   public onShoot(strength: number) { }
 
+  public onHitConfirmed() { }
+
+  public onKillConfirmed(victimName?: string, streak?: number) { }
+
   public setHealth(health: number) {
     this.health = health;
   }

shared/src/objects/types/lamp-base.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ export class LampBase extends GameObject {
     super(id);
   }
 
+  // Overridden by LampView (which lerps toward the new colour/brightness); a
+  // no-op on the wire base.
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+  public setLight(color: vec3, lightness: number) {}
+
   public toArray(): Array<any> {
     const { id, center, color, lightness } = this;
     return [id, center, color, lightness];

shared/src/objects/types/planet-base.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { settings } from '../../settings';
 import { serializable } from '../../serialization/serializable';
 import { GameObject } from '../game-object';
 import { Id } from '../../communication/id';
+import { CharacterTeam } from './character-base';
 
 @serializable
 export class PlanetBase extends GameObject {
@@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ export class PlanetBase extends GameObject {
 
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
   public generatedPoints(value: number) {}
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+  public onFlipped(team: CharacterTeam) {}
 
   public static createPlanetVertices(
     center: vec2,

shared/src/settings.ts

@@ -6,39 +6,62 @@ const neutralColor = rgb255(82, 165, 64);
 const redColor = rgb255(209, 86, 82);
 const q = 2.5;
 const declaColorDim = rgb255(64 * q, 105 * q, 165 * q);
-const redColorDim = rgb255(209 * q, 8 * q, 82 * q);
+const redColorDim = rgb255(209 * q, 86 * q, 82 * q);
 const declaPlanetColor = declaColorDim;
 const redPlanetColor = redColorDim;
 
 export const settings = {
   lightCutoffDistance: 600,
+  lightOverlapReduction: 0.85,
   radiusSteps: 500,
   spawnDespawnTime: 0.7,
-  worldRadius: 10000,
+  worldRadius: 4000,
   objectsOnCircleLength: 0.002,
   updateMessageInterval: 1 / 25,
   planetEdgeCount: 7,
-  playerKillPoint: 10,
-  takeControlTimeInSeconds: 4,
-  loseControlTimeInSeconds: 24,
+  playerKillPoint: 25,
+  takeControlTimeInSeconds: 2.5,
+  loseControlTimeInSeconds: 16,
   planetPointGenerationInterval: 1.5,
   planetPointGenerationValue: 1,
+  planetSizePointMultiplierMax: 4,
+  captureFlipPointReward: 12,
   maxGravityDistance: 800,
+  minGravityDistance: 1,
   maxGravityQ: 5000,
   planetControlThreshold: 0.2,
   playerMaxHealth: 100,
   maxGravityStrength: 50000,
+  planetMinReferenceRadius: 150,
+  planetMaxReferenceRadius: 1200,
   maxAcceleration: 120000,
   playerMaxStrength: 80,
   endGameDeltaScaling: 2,
   playerDiedTimeout: 5,
   playerStrengthRegenerationPerSeconds: 80,
+  playerOutOfCombatDelaySeconds: 5,
+  playerHealthRegenerationPerSeconds: 8,
+  playerKillHealthReward: 25,
+  spawnInvulnerabilityExtraSeconds: 0.4,
+  spawnSafetyDistance: 2000,
+  touchAimRange: 1000,
+  postureHeadStiffness: 12,
+  postureFeetStiffness: 10,
+  planetDetachmentSeconds: 0.5,
+  planetDetachmentForceThreshold: 100,
+  climbDotThreshold: 0.8,
+  climbGravityScale: 0.35,
   projectileMaxStrength: 40,
-  projectileSpeed: 2500,
   projectileMaxBounceCount: 2,
-  projectileTimeout: 3,
   projectileFadeSpeed: 20,
   projectileCreationInterval: 0.1,
+  chargeShotFullHoldSeconds: 0.7,
+  chargeShotStrengthMin: 40,
+  chargeShotStrengthMax: 100,
+  chargeShotRadiusMin: 20,
+  chargeShotRadiusMax: 32,
+  chargeShotSpeedMin: 2500,
+  chargeShotSpeedMax: 3400,
   playerColorIndexOffset: 3,
   backgroundGradient: [rgb255(90, 38, 43), rgb255(43, 39, 73)],
   declaColor,
@@ -104,4 +127,14 @@ export const settings = {
   paletteDim: [declaColorDim, neutralColor, redColorDim],
   targetPhysicsDeltaTimeInSeconds: 1 / 200,
   inViewAreaSize: 1920 * 1080 * 4,
+  scoreboardHalfWidthPercent: 50,
+  scoreboardMinFillPercent: 1.5,
+  matchPointScoreRatio: 0.9,
+  lampLerpSeconds: 0.5,
+  lampMinLightness: 0.4,
+  lampMaxLightness: 1,
+  lampFlareIntensity: 1.2,
+  lampFlareDecaySeconds: 0.6,
+  maxConcurrentFlipFlares: 3,
+  announcementVisibleSeconds: 2,
 };